气候适应性视角下传统村落空间格局分析——以南京市江宁区黄龙岘村为例

Spatial Pattern of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Climate Adaptability:A Case Study of Huanglongxian Village,Jiangning District,Nanjing

在乡村振兴背景下,对传统村落进行微气候和舒适度研究有利于保护传统村落的空间肌理和建设生态宜居的美丽乡村。以南京市江宁区黄龙岘村为对象,基于实地测量,针对庭院空间、街巷空间、滨水空间、休闲空间的微气候因子和可视因子开展定量研究,运用RayMan计算生理等效温度(PET),以PET量化各空间的客观热舒适度,结合问卷调查,分析人的主观热感受,通过主客观结合的方式研究微气候因子与人体热舒适度的相关性。结果表明,PET与空气温度呈显著正相关,与相对湿度呈显著负相关,相关性次于空气温度,与瞬时风速的相关性较弱。在此基础上,综合传统村落的空间格局,比较4种空间类型的气候条件,量化不同空间类型的热舒适性,并提出改造策略,以期为不同地区传统村落的空间设计提供新思路。

This paper took Huanglonghyan,a traditional village in Jiangning District,Nanjing as the research object,to carry out quantitative research on microclimate factors and visible factors in courtyard space,street space,waterfront space and leisure space based on field measurements.Physiological equivalent temperature(PET)was calculated by RayMan software,from which the thermal comfortableness of different spaces was quantified.People's subjective thermal feelings were analyzed by questionnaire.The correlationship between microclimate factors and human thermal comfort was studied in a combined subjective and objective manner.The results indicated that PET was significantly and positively correlated to air temperature,significantly and negatively correlated to relative humidity(with weaker correlationship than temperature),and weakly correlated to instantaneous wind speed.On this basis,the spatial pattern of traditional villages was integrated,the climatic conditions of four spatial types were compared,and quantitative analysis was combined to explore the thermal comfort of different spatial types,and five transformation strategies were proposed to provide new ideas for the spatial design of traditional villages in different areas.