新疆叶城县维吾尔族6~12岁儿童的近视及远视储备现况

Myopia and hyperopia reserve of Uyghur children aged 6~12 years in Yecheng county of Xinjiang

目的:了解新疆叶城县维吾尔族6~12岁儿童近视及远视储备现状。方法:采用横断面研究,共有来自新疆叶城县维吾尔族6~12岁的50151名学生均接受了全面的视力筛查检查,其中包括全自动电脑验光仪进行验光、室内远用灯箱式E字标准对数视力表(GB 11533)测裸眼远视力及戴镜矫正视力。结果:2021-10/2022-01新疆叶城县维吾尔族6~12岁近视儿童等效球镜度(SE)为-0.875(-1.625,-0.625)D,近视检出率为6.75%(3384/50151),其中6~12岁近视儿童SE分别为6岁-0.75(-1.125,-0.625)D、7岁-0.75(-1.125,-0.625)D、8岁-0.875(-1.125,-0.625)D、9岁-0.875(-1.375,-0.625)D、10岁-0.875(-1.6,-0.625)D、11岁-0.875(-1.625,-0.625)D、12岁-1.25(-2.125,-0.75)D。6~12岁非近视儿童SE为+0.25(-0.125,+0.5)D,远视储备不足检出率为75.51%,其6~12岁非近视儿童SE分别为6岁+0.25(-0.125,+0.5)D、7岁+0.25(0,+0.5)D、8岁+0.125(-0.125,+0.5)D、9岁+0.25(-0.125,+0.5)D、10岁+0.125(-0.125,+0.5)D、11岁+0.125(-0.125,+0.5)D、12岁+0.25(-0.125,+0.625)D。近视检出率分别为6岁6.78%、7岁5.64%、8岁5.72%、9岁5.36%、10岁5.01%、11岁6.82%、12岁12.14%;非近视远视储备不足检出率分别为6岁91.67%、7岁92.04%、8岁92.91%、9岁83.85%、10岁68.89%、11岁54.01%、12岁26.71%。9~12岁非近视儿童女生远视储备不足检出率高于男生(χ^(2)=8.94、19.99、19.91、39.11,均P<0.05);10~12岁儿童女生近视检出率高于男生(χ^(2)=5.402、8.493、36.9711,均P<0.05)。结论:新疆叶城县维吾尔族6~12岁儿童近视患病率6.75%,而非近视远视储备不足检出率高达75.51%,预测近视高危儿童人数较多,故儿童的远视储备早期监测对于近视防控策略至关重要。

AIM:To investigate the myopia and hyperopia reserve among Uyghur children aged 6~12 in Yecheng county of Xinjiang.METHODS:In a cross-sectional study,a total of 50151 Uyghur students aged 6~12 years from Yecheng county of Xinjiang underwent comprehensive vision screening,including automatic computer optometry,indoor remote light box E-word standard logarithmic visual acuity chart(GB 11533),to measure the naked eye distant vision and corrected vision with lens.RESULTS:From October 2021 to January 2022,the spherical equivalent(SE)of 6-12 year old Uyghur myopic children was-0.875(-1.625,-0.625)D,and the detection rate of myopia was 6.75%(3384/50151)in Yecheng county of Xinjiang.The SE of the myopic children aged 6~12 was-0.75(-1.125,-0.625)D,-0.75(-1.125,-0.625)D,-0.875(-1.125,-0.625)D,-0.875(-1.375,-0.625)D,-0.875(-1.6,-0.625)D,-0.875(-1.625,-0.625)D,-1.25(-2.125,-0.75)D,respectively.The SE of non-myopic children aged 6~12 was+0.25(-0.125,+0.5)D,and the detection rate of insufficient hyperopia reserve was 75.51%.The SE of the non-myopic children aged 6~12 was+0.25(-0.125,+0.5)D,+0.25(0,+0.5)D,+0.125(-0.125,+0.5)D,+0.25(-0.125,+0.5)D,+0.125(-0.125,+0.5)D,+0.125(-0.125,+0.5)D,+0.25(-0.125,+0.625)D,respectively.The detection rates of myopia children aged 6~12 were 6.78%,5.64%,5.72%,5.36%,5.01%,6.82%,12.14%,respectively.The detection rates of insufficient hyperopia reserve children aged 6~12 were 91.67%,92.04%,92.91%,83.85%,68.89%,54.01%,26.71%,respectively.The detection rate of insufficient hyperopia reserve in non-myopic girls aged 9~12 years old was higher than that in boys(χ^(2)=8.94,19.99,19.91 and 39.11,all P<0.05);The detection rate of myopia in 10~12 year old girls was higher than that in boys(χ^(2)=5.402,8.493 and 36.9711,all P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence rate of myopia among Uyghur children aged 6~12 years in Yecheng county of Xinjiang was 6.75%,while the detection rate of insufficient hyperopia reserve in non-myopic children reached up to 75.51%.It is predicted that there are a large number of children at high risk of myopia.Therefore,early monitoring of hyperopia reserve in children is vital for myopia prevention and control strategy.