天津市混合住区风环境评价与优化策略研究

Wind Environment Evaluation and Optimization Strategies of Mixed Residential Areas in Tianjin

存量更新背景下,城市老城区中出现了大量高层与多层相邻的混合型住区,为应对混合住区复杂多变风环境带来的健康、安全与舒适性问题,依据天津市地理气候特征,构建基于行为舒适度、空气质量舒适度和热舒适度在内的风环境综合评价体系与方法,计算得出天津市冬季舒适风速阈值为1.5~4.4 m/s,为定量化评价住区风环境舒适度提供依据。采用计算流体动力学(CFD, Computational Fluid Dynamics)模拟技术,以天津市为例对3种工况下的16类典型混合住区进行风环境模拟。依据风环境评价体系,采用控制变量法对模拟结果进行定量化的对比分析,识别不同布局模式下的住区风环境特征与问题,研判空间布局对近地面风环境的影响机制。从空间布局与场地设计两方面提出混合住区近地面风环境优化策略,并构建风环境管控体系,以提升理论研究成果的可应用性、可操作性。

Under the background of stock renewal,a large number of mixed residential areas appear in the old city.In order to deal with the health,safety and comfort problems caused by the complex and variable wind environment in the mixed residential areas,according to the geographical and climatic characteristics of Tianjin,the wind environment evaluation system which include behavior comfort level evaluation,air quality level evaluation and thermal comfort level evaluation is constructed.The threshold of comfortable wind speed in winter in Tianjin is calculated to be 1.5~4.4 m/s,which provides a basis for quantitatively evaluating the comfort level of residential wind environment.CFD simulation technology is used to simulate the wind environment of 16 types of typical mixed residential areas under three working conditions.Through data comparison and analysis,the characteristics of residential wind environment under different layout patterns and the effect mechanisms of spatial layout on the near surface wind environment are founded.The optimization strategies of near-ground wind environment in mixed residential areas are proposed from two aspects of spatial layout and site design,and the wind environment management system is constructed to improve the applicability and operability of theoretical research results.