严寒地区中小学校冬季新风系统方案研究

Primary Air System for Winter of Schools in Severe Cold Zones

开窗通风是中小学教室改善室内空气品质的重要手段。但是北方地区由于冬季室外温度较低,无法保持开窗通风状态,导致室内空气品质下降,进而引发学生疾病传播、学习效率低下等一系列问题。机械通风作为提升中小学教室室内空气品质的有效手段一直被广泛关注,但由于新风量标准、运行费用等因素的影响,难以被实际应用。以实际工程项目为研究对象,基于CO_(2)浓度为衡量指标,并运用集总参数法对不同形式下的新风系统进行分析研究,确定适用于教室环境的最小新风量。结合新风量要求,采用集中式新风系统和设置房间新风机组两类方案,通过对比各新风系统的运行费用和初投资,建议在严寒地区中小学教学楼采用设置带变频调速功能的集中式新排换气系统。

Natural ventilation by windows is a usually important means to improve indoor air quality in school.However,due to the lower outdoor temperature in winter in severe cold zones,it is impossible to keep windows open for ventilation during class.It is resulting in a decline in indoor air quality and leads to a series of problems such as the spread of diseases among students and low learning efficiency.In addition,mechanical ventilation has been widely concerned as an effective means to improve indoor air quality in school.However,it is unaccepted by various ventilation standards and the higher costs.This research takes an actual engineering project as the research object,based on the CO_(2) concentration analysis.It uses a Lumped Parameter Method(LPM)to analyze and to study the air system under different schemes.The minimum outdoor air requirement is proposed for school.Additionally,an air handling unit system and room air distribution are compared in terms of operating costs and construction costs.It is recommended that the air handling unit system with frequency control is cost lower for school in severecold zones.