神圣书写与早期文本的记言转向

The Divine Writing and the Turn of the Early Textual Records

早期文本的“记言”是以《左传》为分水岭。殷周时期,以甲骨卜辞及《尚书》为代表的“记言”内容,延续的是一种宏大叙事与神圣书写传统,主要表现为一种人与神的对话模式,其言说主体具有无上的崇高性,是神性与权威性的结合。春秋时期,以《左传》为代表的“记言”内容不再是对神谕的遵循以及民族重大事件的记载,而是转向关注人的生活与德行,记录个体的言论,呈现鲜活的个体生命。由此,早期文本的叙述中心从天上的神灵转入人间的礼法,从神的意志转向人的意志,从宏大叙事转向个体书写。

The early textual records were based on the book of Zuo Zhuan as a watershed.During the period between the Yin Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty,the content of the textual records represented by the accounts the oracle-bone inscriptions and the Book of Shang Shu carries over a grand narrative and sacred writing tradition,which is mainly manifested as a dialogue pattern between man and spirits,and the subject of speech has the supreme sublimity,which is a combination of divinity and authority.During the Spring and Autumn Period,the content of the textual records represented by the Book of Zuo Zhuan was no longer just the observance of oracles or the recording of major national events,but turned to focus on people's lives and virtues,record individual speeches,and present vivid individual life.Therefore,the narrative center of the early texts shifted from heavenly spirits to earthly rituals,from spirits'will to human's,and from grand narrative to individual writing.This turn conveys the breakthrough,opposition,resistance,rupture and mutation of the Spring and Autumn period of the Axis Age in China to the Yin Zhou period of the pre-Axis Age,and shows the evolution trajectory of early cultural beliefs from spiritual beliefs to human awakening.