从地方志出版看清代前期文化政策的二重性

Survey the duality of the Cultural Policy from the Publication of Local Chronicles in the Early Qing Dynasty

清初政府的文化政策具有“刚柔相济”的两重性。一方面“崇儒重道”,开经筵、兴科举、刻图书;另一方面大兴文字狱。出版政策是文化政策的重要组成部分,地方志是图书出版的重要门类。柔性文化政策如发布诏令提倡地方志的编修,促进了清初地方志的繁荣,刚性政策如文字狱抑制阻碍了地方志的发展。但也存在例外情况,清初大兴文字狱的背景下,部分载有涉明“违碍”内容的地方志出版并未受波及。这一情况表明“文字狱”实施过程中,同样具有“刚柔相济”的二重性。

The cultural policy of the early Qing Dynasty had the duality of rigidity and softness.On the one hand,the imperial court adopted the strategy of revering the Confucianism,it implemented activities such as keeping the educational system of the imperial lectures,holding the imperial examinations and inscribing and publishing the books;on the other hand,it rose and developed the literary persecutions.Publishing policy is an important part of cultural policy,and local chronicle is also the important category of book publishing.The mild cultural policy like issuing imperial proclamation of encouraging to compile the local chronicle,which promoted the prosperousness of local chronicles of the empire.However,the severe policy like the literary persecutions,which suppressed and hindered the development of the local chronicles,but there were exceptions,with the background of literary persecutions in the early Qing Dynasty,the publication of some local chronicles which contain something that contravened the rules were not impacted by such harsh policy.This shows that there also existed the duality of the literary persecutions in the implementation.