校车停靠过程中周边车辆运行安全诱导措施及效果评估

Evaluating the safety and effectiveness of safety guidance measures of surrounding vehicles during the stopping of school buses

校车作为学生上下学接驳的重要交通工具,其运输安全至关重要,但因为校车周围车辆驾驶员忽视“校车特权”,非法超越校车而引发的校车事故经常发生。为了保障校车停靠安全,设计了校车停靠驾驶模拟实验场景及4组交通诱导措施方案:设置校车停靠站点标牌、设置校车停靠站点预告标识和站点双标牌、发布网联预警信息以及“预警+站点标牌”组合措施。利用二元Logistic回归模型、混合线性模型分析驾驶员驾驶行为参数,比较不同诱导措施在不同驾驶环境及不同性别驾驶员间的效果差异。研究结果表明:“预警+站点标牌”组合措施的安全效果优于其他诱导措施,且对女性驾驶员影响更为显著。有背景交通流时,各种诱导措施效果减弱。建议在交通流量较小的道路上设置校车停靠站点标牌,在交通流量较大的道路上采用组合诱导措施。研究结果能够为交通管理者提出校车安全改善措施,提高校车停靠及停靠过程中周边车辆的运行安全水平提供参考依据。

School buses are a crucial mode of transportation for children traveling to and from school;thus its safety is of paramount importance.However,school bus accidents frequently occur as a result of motorists disregarding common driving rules by unlawfully overtaking the school bus.These overtaking maneuvers are particularly dangerous when the school bus stops at a bus stop.To guarantee the safety of the school bus,an experimental scenario of school bus stopping is designed based on a driving simulation and four sets of traffic induction measures.The induction measures comprise the installation of stop signs for school buses,the installation of advance and stop signs for a school bus,the issuance of connected warning,and the combination of connected warnings and stop signs.Binary logistic regression models and mixed linear models are used to analyze parameters of driver behavior and to compare the effectiveness of different induction measures in different driv-ing environments and for drivers of different genders.The results show that the“connected warning+stop sign”combination is more effective than the other induction measures and has a more signifi-cant impact on female drivers.The effectiveness of the various induction measures is reduced when there is a background traffic volume.Hence,it is recommended that school bus stop signs are in-stalled on roads with low-traffic volumes and that a combination of induction measures are used on roads with high-traffic volumes.The results of the study could be used to improve safety strategies to reduce the risk of accidents occurring when surrounding vehicles travel close to a school bus during school bus stops.Moreover,the results could be used to provide a reference point for improving the safety of school bus stopping and the operation of surrounding vehicles during stopping.