牙本质敏感症治疗材料的研究进展

Progress in the treatment materials of dentin hypersensitivity

近年来,各类生物材料在牙齿脱敏的治疗中发挥重要作用,如直接堵塞牙本质小管的矿化材料、引导矿化堵塞牙本质小管的大分子材料、高分子/矿化物复合堵塞牙本质小管的材料、降低神经敏感性材料以及电荷材料等。本文将系统评述用于牙本质敏感症治疗的创新生物材料,首次将其按作用机制具体分类并重点关注电荷材料的治疗机制,提出牙本质敏感症的离子电流传导机制,并期待创新生物材料能够为探索口腔疾病的致病机制和治疗方法开拓新模式和新思路。

Biomaterials have been the focus of research and innovation in medical materials in recent years. They are natural or synthetic materials that can contact and interact with human cells, tissues and organs to obtain diagnostic, restorative or therapeutic effects. In stomatology, biomaterials have received high attention, such as applications in implant restorations, pulp regeneration, periodontal tissue regeneration and other frontier fields. Dentine hypersensitivity is manifested as short and sharp pain from stimulus to exposed dentin, which has high prevalence and seriously affects people′s daily life. However, the pathogenesis is still controversial and traditional treatment is ineffective. Recently, various biomaterials have been invented to treat dentine hypersensitivity. This paper reviews the innovative development of biomaterials in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity and highlights the ionic mechanism. It is expected that biomaterials can provide new models and ideas for exploring the pathogenesis and therapies of oral diseases.