产前门诊规范化健康教育对妊高征患者的护理效果研究

Study on the Nursing Effect of Standardized Health Education in Prenatal Outpatient Clinics on Patients with Pregnancy Hypertension

目的研究产前门诊规范化健康教育在妊娠期高血压(简称妊高征)患者中的护理效果。方法选择2021年6月至2022年12月在社区建档,来我院产科门诊就诊,定期做孕检的妊高征患者82例为研究对象,按照随机对照研究分为对照组与观察组,每组各41例,分别行基础生活干预、基础生活干预+规范化健康教育。两组均进行为期3个月的持续干预。比较两组患者对妊高征的血压控制情况、负性情绪、疾病认知水平、护理满意度、并发症发生率、妊娠结局及新生儿Apgar评分的影响。结果干预3个月后,观察组患者的血压达标率较对照组更好(P<0.05)。护理后,两组HAMA及BDI量表评分较干预前有所下降,且观察组的下降幅度较对照组更大(P<0.05)。观察组患者疾病认知水平明显高于对照组,患者护理满意度(92.68%)明显高于对照组的78.05%(χ^(2)=3.497,P<0.05)。观察组患者妊娠期子痫前期、胎膜早破、晚期流产、产后出血等并发症发生率明显低于对照组;生儿低血糖、巨大儿、新生儿窒息等并发症发生率也低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者剖宫产率、难产率、死胎率明显较对照组更低,且新生儿Apgar评分较对照组更高(P<0.05)。结论产前门诊规范化健康教育在妊高征患者中的护理效果显著,可提高其认知水平,有利于控制血压,明显提高护理满意度,同时可有效改善孕妇的妊娠结局及新生儿Apgar评分,具有较高安全性。

Objective To investigate the nursing effect of standardized health education in prenatal outpatient clinics in patients with hypertension during pregnancy.Methods A total of 82 patients with PIH who were registered in the obstetrics outpatient clinic of our hospital from June 2021 to December 2022 and had regular pregnancy tests were selected as the study subjects,and 41 cases were divided into control group and observation group according to the randomized controlled study,and basic life intervention,basic life intervention+standardized health education were carried out respectively,and all of them were continuously intervened for 3 months.The effects of the two groups on blood pressure control,psychological status,disease cognition level,nursing satisfaction,complication rate,pregnancy outcome and neonatal Apgar score were compared.Results After 3 months of intervention,the blood pressure attainment rate of patients in the observation group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).After nursing,the scores of the HAMA and BDI scales decreased in both groups compared with before the intervention,the decline was greater in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The disease cognition level of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the patient satisfaction rate of nursing(92.68%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(78.05%)(χ^(2)=3.497,P<0.05).The incidence of complications such as preeclampsia,premature rupture of membranes,late miscarriage and postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group.The incidence of complications such as hypoglycemia,macrosomia,and neonatal asphyxia in the observation group was also lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The cesarean section,dystocia and stillbirth rates in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the neonatal Apgar score was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The standardized health education of prenatal outpatient clinics has a significant nursing effect in patients with high pregnancy,which can improve their cognitive level,control blood pressure,significantly improve nursing satisfaction,and effectively improve the pregnancy outcome and neonatal Apgar score of pregnant women,which has high safety.