面向生态系统服务供需的开都-孔雀河流域生态安全格局研究

Construction of ecological security patterns in the Kaidu-Kongque River Basin based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services

构建干旱区生态安全格局有利于促进区域生态系统服务供应与需求之间的动态平衡。以干旱区开都-孔雀河流域为研究区,利用InVEST模型、RWEQ模型和Getis-Ord Gi*模型分析生态供给源地,以土地利用程度、地均GDP、人口密度和夜间灯光指数分析生态需求源地,并基于最小累积阻力模型确定供给源地与需求源地之间的生态廊道,从而构建研究区生态安全格局。研究结果表明:(1)开都-孔雀河流域生态供给源地14个,占研究区面积的21.46%,重点生态需求源地共9个斑块,占流域总面积4.63%;生态廊道126条,重要廊道17条,总长度654.68km;生态节点65个,重点生态节点24个。(2)开都-孔雀河流域生态系统服务供给与需求空间错位明显,高供给区域与高需求区域呈现出以城镇边界为分界线的明显特征。(3)结合研究区自然地理特征和景观生态系统服务流动性,运用阻力面模型,构建“两核心、两片区、三横四纵多节点”的开都-孔雀河流域生态安全格局可为保障区域生态系统服务功能和可持续发展政策的制定提供科学参考。

The construction of an ecological security pattern in arid zones is conducive to promoting a dynamic balance between the supply and demand of regional ecosystem services.This study involves the Kaidu-Kongque River Basin in an arid zone and uses the InVEST model,the RWEQ model,and the Getis-Ord Gi*model to analyze the ecological supply sources,degree of land use,GDP per km2,population density,and the nighttime light index.This approach was used to analyze the ecological demand sources and determine the ecological corridors between supply and demand sources based on the minimum cumulative resistance model so as to construct an ecological security pattern of the study area.The results of the study are as follows:(1)There are 14 ecological supply source areas in the Kaidu-Kongque River Basin,accounting for 21.46%of the study area,and a total of 9 patches of key ecological demand source areas,accounting for 4.63%of the total area of the basin;126 ecological corridors,including a total of 17 important corridors with a total length of 654.68 km;65 ecological nodes,including 24 key ecological nodes.(2)The spatial mismatch between supply and demand of ecosystem services in Kaidu-Kongque River Basin is obvious,and the high supply area and high demand area show obvious characteristics with urban boundary as the dividing line.(3)Combining the natural geographic characteristics and the mobility of landscape ecosystem services in the study area,the resistance surface model is used to construct“two cores,two zones,three horizons,four verticals,and multiple nodes”of the Kaidu-Kongque River Basin.In conclusion,the ecological security pattern of the Kaidu-Kongque River Basin can provide a scientific reference for protecting regional ecosystem service functions and formulating sustainable development policies.