地方性氟中毒家兔的心、肝、肾组织病理学特征

Pathological characteristic of heart,liver,and kidney in rabbits with endemic fluorosis

目的观察地方性氟中毒(地氟病)家兔心、肝、肾组织的病理学变化。方法24只家兔随机均分为3组,对照组饮用自来水20周,10周组饮用200 mg/L含氟水10周、20周组饮用200 mg/L含氟水20周造模,实验持续20周;观察实验期间各组家兔的生长情况,实验结束时处死家兔,采用氟离子选择电极法测定家兔股骨骨氟含量,取各组家兔心肝肾、观察外观变化,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色、病理形态学观察。结果实验期间,10周组、20周组家兔体长、体质量平均增长率略低于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组、10周组、20周组家兔骨氟分别为(548.33±41.65)mg/kg、(1709.40±236.91)mg/kg、(2754.65±427.61)mg/kg,后两组较对照组家兔的骨氟含量明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,两模型组家兔心脏稍充血,肝脏增大,肾脏外观较苍白;HE染色发现,与对照组相比,两模型组家兔心肌横纹模糊、心肌纤维肿胀、界限不清,肝细胞排列紊乱、部分出现水肿、胞浆疏松、出现空泡变性,部分肾小管上皮细胞空泡样变、偶见局灶性坏死、炎性细胞浸润。结论地方性氟中毒家兔的心肝肾均发生病理学改变。

Objective To observe the physiological changes of the heart,liver,and kidney in rabbits with endemic fluorosis.Methods Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups.The control group drank tap water,the 10 week group drank 200 mg/L fluorine water for 10 weeks,and the 20 week group drank 200 mg/L fluorine water for 20 weeks.During the experiment,the growth of rabbits was observed.After the completion of the experimental cycle,the rabbits were killed and their right femurs were removed.The bone fluoride contents of the rabbits were measured by fluoride ion selective electrode method,and the bone fluoride contents were compared by paired t-test.The heart,liver and kidney of the rabbits were taken out and then their appearance changes were observed with naked eyes,and the heart,kidney and liver tissues of rabbits were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)section and observed under light microscope.Results During the experiment,the average growth rate of body length and weight in the 10 week and 20 week groups were slightly lower than that in the control group,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The results of bone fluoride contents in the control group,the 10 week and 20 week groups were(548.33±41.65)mg/kg,(1709.40±236.91)mg/kg and(2754.65±427.61)mg/kg,respectively(P<0.05).Naked eye observation showed that the heart was slightly congested,the liver was enlarged,and the appearance of the kidney was paler in the fluoride groups than that in the control group.Observation under light microscope:in the fluoride groups the striated muscle of the myocardial tissues was blurred;The myocardial fibers were swollen,and the boundaries were unclear,while the arrangement of hepatocytes was disordered;Edema occurred in some hepatocytes;The cytoplasm was loose;Vacuolar degeneration appeared and was found in some of renal tubular epithelial cells,occasionally focal necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusion Pathological changes occur in the heart,liver,and kidneys of rabbits with endemic fluorosis.