哥本哈根在2025年实现碳中和?2006—2020年哥本哈根城市气候治理的多中心分析

Copenhagen CO_(2)Neutrality in 2025?A Polycentric Analysis of Urban Climate Governance in Copenhagen 2006-2020

2009年,哥本哈根市宣布其宏伟目标:通过协作性的气候治理方法,在2025年前成为世界上第一个碳中和的城市。然而,根据2020年的状况,要达到这一目标,还需要至少33%的脱碳。本文应用一个“综合的多中心”概念,辅以“参与式气候治理”研究,分析了哥本哈根2006—2020年合作式气候治理的不足之处。实证分析显示,2010年气候问题的政治优先性发生了变化,其中的重要原因是,公民社会行为者动员不足,部门合作减弱。本文结论是,自2010年以来,哥本哈根主要采用了一种相当“单中心”的治理方法,并依赖于技术创新,而不是通过公民社会的动员来改变行为,因此没有足够促进碳减排进程使得在2025年实现碳中和。最后,我们讨论了综合的多中心理念为城市气候治理辩论的贡献,以及如何进一步发展这一理念。在经验上,我们使用了文献分析和对哥本哈根32个关键参与者的采访。

In 2009,the City of Copenhagen declared its objective to become the firtt CO_(2)-neutral city in the world by 2025 by practicing a collaborative climate governance approach.However,a 2020 status reported a further need for decarbonization of at leatt 33%to reach this target.By applying a synthesized polycentric concept-supplemented by participatory climate governance studies-we analyze the deficient results of collaborative climate governance in Copenhagen 2006-2020.The empirical analysis reveals an altered political prioritization of climate issues in 2010 and,as a crucial aspect of that,an inadequate mobilization of civic society actors and waning departmental collaboration.We conclude that,since 2010,Copenhagen has mainly applied a rather monocentric governance approach and relied on technological innovation instead of behavioural change via civic society mobilization,which does not promote sufficient carbon mitigation processes to reach carbon neutrality in 2025.Finally,we discuss what the synthesized polycentric concept adds to the debate about bold urban climate governance and how it could be further developed.Empirically,we draw on document analysis and interviews with 32 key actors in Copenhagen.