低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员外周血血细胞参数的影响

Influence of low-dose occupational radiation exposure on peripheral blood cells in radiation workers

目的探讨低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员血细胞参数的影响。方法选取从事放射相关工作的124名人员入观察组,并依照工作岗位将其分为医师、物理师、技师、维修人员4个亚组。同时在同医院选取130名非放射相关工作人员入对照组。采集2016—2019年间所有研究对象的外周血的血细胞参数,分析比较放射组和对照组以及对照组4个亚组间的血细胞参数差异,并比较血细胞参数差异与累积辐射剂量的相关性。结果与对照组相比,观察组的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、红细胞计数、血红蛋白计数均较低(均P<0.05)。不同工种间累积辐射剂量的差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。相关性分析显示,外周血细胞的血细胞参数与累积辐射剂量无明显相关性。物理师组与技师组和维修人员组之间4年间的红细胞计数变化差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),但上述差异与累积辐射剂量无关(均P>0.05)。结论在相同暴露及防护条件下,不同放射相关工作人员的血细胞计数差异不明显,长期累积辐射剂量与血细胞参数无明显相关性。因此,外周血细胞参数不能再作为反映辐射损伤的良好指标,亟需寻找更方便、直观、敏感的辐射损伤指标。

Objective To investigate the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation on blood cell parameters of radiation workers.Methods A total of 124 staff members engaged in radiology were selected into the observation group,and they were divided into 4 subgroups of physicians,physicists,technicians,and maintainer according to their jobs.A total of 130 non-radiation-related staff members from the same hospital were selected into the control group.Blood cell parameters of peripheral blood of all subjects from 2016 to 2019 were collected,and the differences in blood cell parameters between the radiation group and the control group as well as 4 subgroups of the control group were analyzed and compared,and the correlation between the differences in blood cell parameters and the cumulative radiation dose was compared.Results Compared with the control group,the white blood cell count,neutrophil count,red blood cell count and hemoglobin count in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05).There are no significant differences in cumulative radiation dose among different types of work(all P>0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the blood cell parameters of peripheral blood cells were not significantly correlated with the cumulative radiation dose.The blood cell count changes after 4-year low-dose ionizing radiation between the physicist group,the technician group and the maintainer sub-group were significantly different(all P<0.05),but the above differences were not related to the cumulative radiation dose(all P>0.05).Conclusions Under the same exposure and protection conditions,the blood cell counts of different radiation-related workers are not significantly different,and the long-term cumulative radiation dose has no significant correlation with blood cell parameters.Therefore,peripheral blood cell parameters can no longer be used as a good indicator to reflect radiation damage,and it is urgent to find more convenient,intuitive and sensitive indicators of radiation damage.