本征安全水系锌离子电池的新进展:锌负极晶面调控

Recent advances in crystal plane regulation of zinc metal anodes for intrinsically safe aqueous zinc-ion batteries

水系锌离子电池环境友好、成本低廉,是一种极具发展潜力、本征安全的电化学储能技术。对于实用化的锌离子电池,负极端金属锌的不均匀沉积所引起的枝晶问题会导致电池短路,严重限制了电池的循环寿命,是这种新型电池走向产品化的重要瓶颈。构建(002)晶面择优取向的锌负极被认为是抑制枝晶生长、提升电极库仑效率的有效手段。回溯近期有关金属锌负极的研究,本文首先概述了金属锌的电极过程和沉积形貌的影响因素,基于此从基底设计、涂层设计、电解液设计三个方面,着重总结了(002)晶面择优取向锌负极的设计策略和作用原理,最后展望了(002)晶面择优取向金属锌负极面临的挑战和未来发展方向,特别指出应在面向实用化锌离子电池的条件下评估金属锌负极的电化学性能和改性效果。

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered a promising electrochemical energy storage technology due to their merits of good environmental friendliness,low cost and intrinsically high safety.The zinc dendrite growth caused by the uneven deposition of zinc ions will eventually lead to internal short-circuit of the battery,which severely limits the cycle life of AZIBs and thus hinders their industrialization.Construction of(002)plane preferentially oriented zinc anodes is considered an effective strategy to inhibit the dendrite growth and thus to improve the Coulombic efficiency of zinc anodes.Reviewing the recent research on zinc anodes,this review first overviewed the electrode process of zinc metal anodes and the factors that affected the morphology of zinc deposition.Strategies and the corresponding mechanisms for achieving(002)plane preferentially oriented zinc anodes were then emphatically summarized from the aspects of substrate design,coating design and electrolyte optimization.At last,challenges and future directions for research on(002)plane preferentially oriented zinc anodes were highlighted,especially pointing out that the evaluation of the optimizing strategies for zinc anodes should be made under practical working conditions.