退役锂电池正极材料资源化回收技术研究进展

Research progress of positive electrode material recycling technology for retired lithium batteries

新能源汽车产业快速发展带动锂离子电池消费不断增加,直接导致用于生产电池材料的钴、锂、镍等能源金属严重短缺。未来退役锂离子电池产量将呈指数增加,其资源化回收受到广泛关注。资源化回收不仅可以缓解电池材料紧缺现状,还解决了废旧电池堆积而引起的危害。本文针对退役锂离子电池放电预处理和湿法、火法两种资源化回收工艺最新研究现状进行了综述,并就未来发展趋势进行了讨论。在现有火法回收工艺基础上提出一种利用高温熔融冶炼渣处理废旧锂离子电池回收有价金属的新方法,通过添加适宜的氯化剂将渣中锂转化为高温易挥发的LiCl,实现从烟尘中富集并高效回收锂的新思路,解决了传统火法工艺需从渣中对锂进行二次提取的技术缺陷。

The rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry drives the increasing consumption of lithium-ion batteries,which directly leads to the serious shortage of cobalt,lithium,nickel and other energy metals used in the production of battery materials.In the future,the output of retired lithium-ion batteries will increase exponentially.The resource recycling can not only alleviate the shortage of battery materials,but also solve the damage caused by the accumulation of spent batteries.In this paper,the latest research status of discharge pretreatment and two hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy resource recovery technologies of retired lithium-ion battery were reviewed,and the future development trend was discussed.On the basis of the existing pyrometallurgy recycle process,a new method was proposed to recover valuable metals by using high-temperature melting smelting slag to treat waste lithium ion batteries.By adding suitable chlorination agent to transform lithium from slag into high-temperature volatile LiCl,a new idea of enrichment and efficient recovery of lithium from dust was realized,and the technical defect of secondary extraction of lithium from slag by traditional fire process was solved.