宁夏天然草地的空间分布与类型特征

Spatial distribution and type characteristics of a natural grassland in Ningxia

重新科学地认识宁夏草地类型及其特征对宁夏草地可持续利用与精细化管理至关重要,也对黄河中上游生态安全屏障的构建具有积极意义。本研究运用综合顺序分类系统(CSCS),在ArcGIS平台上制作了宁夏回族自治区CSCS草地类、草地类组分布图,研究其空间分布与类型特征,结果显示:1)宁夏共有12种CSCS草地类,其中,暖温干旱暖温带半荒漠类面积最大,为14786.73 km^(2),其次是微温干旱温带半荒漠类,面积为8187.36 km^(2),两种草地类分别占宁夏全区草地面积的48.44%和26.82%。2)宁夏共有4种CSCS草地类组,从北到南依次为半荒漠类组、典型草地类组、温带湿润草地类组和温带森林草地类组,面积逐步减小,分别占据宁夏草原总面积的75.27%、12.39%、8.45%和3.89%。3)根据宁夏草地不同的空间分布特征,将宁夏草地划分为3个片区,分别是宁北半荒漠草地生态保护区、宁中典型草地-温带湿润草地生态经济区和宁南温带森林草地山地景观生产区;并遵循因地制宜的原则,对3个片区分别实行以草定畜、发展草业生态经济和山地-草地景观旅游业等草地管理措施。

Re-scientific understanding grassland types and characteristics in Ningxia is critical for sustainable utilization and fine management of these grasslands.Additionally,it presents positive significance for the construction of an ecological security barrier in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.In this study,the comprehensive and sequential classification system(CSCS)grassland group distribution map and CSCS grassland group distribution map in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were constructed using the CSCS on the ArcGIS platform,and the spatial distribution and type characteridtics were studied.Twelve CSCS grassland types were established in Ningxia,among which,warm temperate arid warm temperate semi-desert type had the largest area(14786.73 km^(2)),followed by mild temperate arid semi-desert type(8187.36 km^(2)),accounting for 48.44%and 26.82%of the total grassland area in Ningxia,respectively.Next,four CSCS grassland groups were established in Ningxia,including semi-desert grassland group,typical grassland group,temperate humid grassland group,and temperate forest grassland group from north to south.The area of these groups decreased gradually,occupying 75.27%,12.39%,8.45%,and 3.89%of the total grassland area in Ningxia,respectively.The different spatial distribution characteristics of grassland in Ningxia indicated that the grassland was divided into three areas,namely,north Ningxia Semi-desert grassland ecological protection zone,middle Ningxia typical grassland-temperate humid grassland ecological economic zone,and south Ningxia temperate forest grassland mountain landscape production zone.According to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions,grassland management measures such as setting livestock by grass,developing grassland ecological economy,and developing mountain-grassland landscape tourism were performed in the three areas,respectively.Our study is expected to provide scientific and theoretical support for the accurate classification of grassland types in Ningxia,and is of significance to guide grassland protection and ecosystem restoration in the Yellow River Basin.