品种和生育期对玉米青贮发酵品质的影响

Effect of cultivar and growth stage on fermentation quality of maize silage

为阐明品种和生育期对青贮玉米(Zea mays)发酵品质的影响,本研究以3个青贮玉米品种‘曲辰9号’‘宣宏18号’‘桥单6号’为材料,在抽穗期、乳熟期、蜡熟期收获加工调制成青贮饲料,并分析青贮发酵品质。结果表明:1)随着生育期的延长,青贮饲料感官评分均呈增加趋势。各品种青贮后,干物质含量、淀粉含量均随着生育期延长而增加,中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量和pH均以抽穗期较高,乳熟期和蜡熟期较低。2)不同时期收获,‘曲辰9号’3个生育期青贮饲料平均青贮发酵品质评分为0.50分,‘宣宏18号’为0.43分,‘桥单6号’为0.51分,‘曲辰9号’和‘桥单6号’青贮饲料营养价值较高,表现较好。3)隶属函数分析表明,玉米青贮最佳生育期为蜡熟期。在蜡熟期收获,‘曲辰9号’综合评分为0.67,高于‘宣宏18号’(0.62)和‘桥单6号’(0.61)。故本研究推荐‘曲辰9号’在蜡熟期收获作为调制青贮饲料的原料使用。

To elucidate the effect of cultivar and growth stages on the fermentation quality of maize silage(Zea mays),three silage varieties,‘Quchen 9’,‘Xuanhong 18’and‘Qiaodan 6’,were harvested and processed for silage at the tassel,milk,and waxing stages to analyze their silage quality.The following results were obtained:1)In terms of fertility,the silage sensory score tended to improve with fertility extension.The dry matter(DM)and starch contents of all three varieties increased.In contrast,the neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)contents decreased with age.After silage,pH values were higher at the tassel stage and lower at the milk and waxing stages for all varieties.2)Harvested at different periods,the average silage quality score was 0.50 for Quchen 9,0.43 for‘Xuanhong 18’,and 0.51 for‘Qiaodan 6’.Therefore,‘Quchen 9’and‘Qiaodan 6’silage had higher nutritional value and better quality.3)Subordinate function analysis suggested that the best growth stage for maize silage was the waxing stage.The overall score of‘Quchen 9’was 0.67,higher than those of‘Xuanhong 18’(0.62)and‘Qiaodan 6’(0.61)when harvested at the waxing stage.In conclusion,‘Quchen 9’is recommended to be harvested at waxing stage for silage preparation.