明清诗书论中的“不衫不履”探赜

A study of“slovenly dress”in poetics and calligraphic theory in the Ming and Qing dynasties

明末清初,诸家引用唐传奇小说《虬髯客传》中“不衫不履”一词来评价人格精神,评论诗书画,使此词湮沉近六百年后,又焕发了生机。在明末社会及士林风气发生丕变,文艺上重情与尚奇之际,此词重现无疑具有象征意义。士人引此词表达乐游山水之情,体现尊情适性的观念;诗书论中俱引此词以示创作应当“重情”,同时,引此词也有打破常规、构建新的审美范式目的在内。“不衫不履”一词从人格精神评价进入诗书评论的线索是清晰的,相较于书论,此词在诗论中过早消匿却引人深思。

In late Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty,many scholars quoted the phrase“slovenly dress”from Legend of Qiuranke,a legendary novel from the Tang dynasty,to evaluate the spirit of personality,and to comment on poetry,calligraphy,and painting,which brought the phrase back to life after nearly six hundred years of oblivion.At the end of the Ming dynasty when the society and the scholar ethos changed,and greater attention was paid to emotion and strangeness in literature,the reappearance of the phrase undoubtedly had symbolic significance.Scholars quoted this phrase to express their pleasure of enjoying the scenery,which reflects the concept of respecting and expressing feelings.In poetics and calligraphic theory,this phrase was cited to show the value of“feelings”.What’s more,the purpose of their citing includes breaking the convention and building a new aesthetic paradigm.It is clear that the phrase“slovenly dress”has been applied from the evaluation of personality and spirit to the comment on poetry and calligraphy.Compared with the theory of calligraphy,the phrase disappeared prematurely in poetics,which is thought-provoking.