从胡则到胡公:历史人物在民间信仰中的变异

From Hu Ze to Hu Gong:the variation of historic figures in folk belief

北宋时期的胡则曾身居要职,在多处任过地方官,诸地方志中皆将其作为地方名宦。至晚在北宋末南宋初年,胡则由人转化为神,由地方官演变成地方神。到清末,胡公庙遍布浙江,尤其是在他的家乡金华境内影响特别大。胡则由人变为地方神最关键的因素在于其奏免衢、婺两地身丁钱的政绩。考证这一政绩的真伪以及其在浙江施惠政的情况,成为讨论胡则由人化神以及胡公信仰得以广泛传播的突破口,从而为人物原型在民间信仰中的变异现象研究提供典型个案。

Hu Ze held an important position in the imperial court of the Northern Song dynasty,and served as a local official in many regions.The local records of these places have all recognized him as an official of a good reputation.As late as the end of the Northern Song dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song dynasty,Hu Ze was believed to be a god,a turn from a local official to a regional god.By the end of Qing dynasty,Hu Gong Temples had been spread all over Zhejiang province,exerting a huge influence,especially in his hometown Jinhua.However,the most critical factor that makes Hu Ze become regional god is whether he appealed to the emperor to exempt male’s adulthood tax in Quzhou and Wuzhou.The breakthrough of researches on Hu Ze from a human to a god and Hu Gong faith spreading widely is to verify the authenticity of the political contribution and the situation of implementing other beneficial policies in Zhejiang province,which provides a typical case for the study about the variation of human figures in folk beliefs.