马克思社会形态理论在中国:百余年传播和研究史的回顾与反思

Marx's Theory of Social Formation in China:Review and Reflection on the History of Dissemination and Research over 100 Years

马克思社会形态理论在中国的传播和研究,大致经历了“五形态说”传入、“五形态说”被定为一尊、“五形态说”受到“三形态说”的强力冲击、对“三形态说”与“五形态说”可以并存的论证等阶段。我国学者研究马克思社会形态理论的历程,跟马克思、恩格斯、斯大林等人的相关论著在中国的翻译、出版和传播密切相关,中国的“五形态说”并非起源于斯大林。对马克思的社会形态理论在中国的百余年传播和研究史进行回顾和反思,有助于我们明确以下努力方向:对“社会形态”“经济的社会形态”“社会形式”等核心概念进行更为精细的考辨;基于《资本论》及其手稿,把握马克思考察社会形态问题的理论逻辑;认真批驳学术研究中的“非社会形态化思潮”;运用马克思社会形态理论,深入剖析当代资本主义与当代中国所处的发展阶段。

The spread and research of Marx's theory of social formation in China has gone roughly through such stages as the introduction of“the theory of five formations”,the establishment of“the theory of five formations”,and the strong impact of“the theory of three formations”on“the theory of five formations”,the“coexistence of the theory of three formations”and“the theory of five formations”.The course of Chinese scholars study of“Marx's social formation theory”is closely related to the translation,publication and dissemination of Marx,Engels and Stalin's relevant works in China.The claim that“the theory of five formations”in China originated from Stalin cannot be established.Reviewing and reconsidering the spread and research history of Marx's social formation theory in China for more than 100 years will help us to make clear the following directions for our efforts:we should conduct a more detailed examination of such core concepts as“social formation”,“social formation of economy”and“social form”;based on Das Kapital and its manuscript,grasp the theoretical logic of Marx's investigation of social formations;seriously refute“the ideological trend of non-social formation”in academic research;apply Marx's theory of social formation to analyze the development stage of contemporary capitalism and contemporary China.