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众擎易举:近代上海民间慈善组织兴建的多维考察 被引量:2

A Multi-dimensional Examination of the Establishment of Private Philanthropic Organizations in Modern Shanghai
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摘要 近代上海先后兴建了200多个各类民间慈善组织,成为促进和维护近代上海都市社会的重要力量。我们将慈善组织兴建时间与都市化进程中的上海人口数量、社会经济发展以及政府管理措施等进行关联,可以发现慈善组织的兴建与社会需求并不完全同步,大量难民涌入上海之时,并不是慈善组织建立的高发期;慈善组织的兴建与经济发展正相关度高,自19世纪80年代一直到1930年前,上海经济总体上持续发展,慈善组织也相应不断增加;北洋时期相对宽松的政府管理促进了慈善组织的大力兴建,1930年后上海经济继续快速发展,但南京国民政府试图严格管控民间社会,则使得慈善组织的兴建大为减少。只有在经济快速发展、政府管理规范但相对宽松的情况下,民间兴办慈善组织、开展慈善活动的热情才会高涨。 More than 200 private charitable organizations of various kindswere established in recent modern Shanghai,becoming an important force in promoting and maintaining the urban society of modern Shanghai.By correlating the timing of the establishment of charitable organizations with the population,socio-economic development,and government management measures during the urbanization process,it can be seen that the establishment of charitable organizations was not fully synchronized with social needs,and that the influx of refugees into Shanghai was not a high time for the establishment of charitable organizations.The establishment of charitable organizations was positively correlated with economic development,as the Shanghai economy generally continued to grow from the 1880s to the 1930s,and charitable organizations increased accordingly.The relatively lenient government administration during the Beiyang period facilitated the establishment of charitable organizations,and the rapid economic development of Shanghai continued after 1930,but the attempts of the Nanjing Nationalist Government to strictly control civil society led to a significant reduction in the establishment of charitable organizations.Only when the economy developed rapidly and government management was standardized but relatively lax did the private sector become more enthusiastic about setting up charitable organizations and carrying out charitable activities.
作者 阮清华 RUAN Qinghua(Department of History,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)
出处 《浙江工商大学学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第2期134-144,共11页 Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University
基金 国家社会科学基金重大项目“近代宁波商帮史料收集与整理研究(1840—1949)”(17ZDA201) 中央高校基本科研业务费华东师范大学新文科创新平台建设项目(2022ECNU-XWK-SJ07)。
关键词 慈善组织 人口 经济发展 政府管理 相关度 charitable organizations population economic development government management degree of correlation
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