我国空间站出舱活动通用设计和实施技术

General Design and Implementation Technologies of China Space Station EVA

空间站要达到长期在轨安全、可靠运行要求,必须具备出舱开展维修和组装的能力。文章在对我国空间站出舱活动任务目标分析的基础上,提出了我国空间站组合体系统级出舱活动设计,阐述了空间站出舱活动通用设计和实施技术,例如气闸舱通用过闸技术和机械臂转移航天员技术。最后,总结了从核心舱发射至今我国空间站出舱活动在轨实施情况,并对出舱技术后续在载人登月及光学舱的应用情况进行了展望。

In order to meet the requirements of long-term in safety and reliable operation,there must be the ability to maintenance and assembly through EVA(extra vehicular activity)supporting the space station.Based on the analysis of mission objectives,a system-level design of China Space Station assembly is proposed,and universal design and implementation technologies are elaborated,such as the airlock module universal pass-through technology and astronauts transferring technology via the robotic arm.Finally,the applications of in-orbit operations are summarized,and the future applications of EVA technology in manned lunar and optical modules are prospected.