西江流域生态补偿中居民支付偏好及潜在类型识别

Payment Preference and Latent Class Identification of Residents for EcologicalCompensation in the Xijiang River Basin

探讨居民对流域生态环境改善的支付偏好差异及影响因素,为相关部门制定和实施差异化流域生态环境保护政策提供经验借鉴与理论依据。基于选择实验法构建西江流域生态补偿标准评估框架,采用多项式Logit模型与潜在类别模型,分析广西来宾、梧州和广东肇庆、佛山四市居民对西江流域生态环境改善的支付偏好,并探究居民的潜在偏好类别。结果表明(:1)受访者在流域生态属性支付偏好上存在显著差异,重视流域水质、森林覆盖率与旅游指数,忽视自然景观占比与生物多样性。(2)受访者愿意改善西江流域生态系统服务的整体最大年度户均支付意愿排序为:梧州549.35元>佛山507.60元>肇庆452.89元>来宾330.27元,两广经济相对发达地区梧州与佛山的补偿剩余均高于经济欠发地区来宾与肇庆,说明地区经济发展水平与居民的生态补偿支付意愿存在较大的关联性。(3)潜在类别模型估计结果再次印证四市受访者存在显著的偏好异质性,来宾、肇庆与佛山可分为3个潜在类别,梧州可分为2个潜在类别。未来,政府应结合流域各地区实际情况设置合理的生态补偿金区间,实施差异化流域生态补偿政策,并采取多样化措施调动居民参与生态环境保护的积极性。

In this study,the Xijiang River basin was selected for a case study to explore differences in the payment preference of residents and factors influencing the improvement of watershed ecology.Our aim was to provide information and theoretical basis for the government to formulate and implement differentiated protection policies for the ecological environment of the watershed.Guangxi Province and Guangdong Province are the major areas of the Xijiang River basin,and Laibin and Wuzhou(Guangxi Province)and Zhaoqing and Foshan(Guangdong Province)were selected for study.The assessment framework for ecological compensation standards was based on data on the natural landscape proportion,tourism index,forest coverage,water quality,biodiversity and water quantity in the Xijiang River basin.The multinomial Logit model and latent class model were used to analyze the payment preferences of residents in the four cities and identified the latent preference classes of residents.Results show that:(1)The respondents had significantly different payment preferences for ecological attributes of the river basin,and they attached importance to water quality,forest coverage,and tourism index,but attached little importance to the proportion of natural landscape and biodiversity.(2)The overall maximum willingness of respondents to pay for improving ecosystem services in the Xijiang River basin followed the order:Wuzhou[549.35 yuan/(household·year)]>Foshan[507.60 yuan/(household·year)]>Zhaoqing[452.89 yuan/(household·year)]>Laibin[330.27 yuan/(household·year)].The compensation surplus of Wuzhou and Foshan in the developed areas of Guangxi and Guangdong was higher than in the less developed areas of Laibin and Zhaoqing,indicating a strong correlation between the level of regional economic development and resident willingness to pay for ecological attributes.(3)The estimation results of the latent class model confirm that the residents of the four cities had significant preference heterogeneity.Laibin,Zhaoqing,and Foshan were divided into three latent classes,respectively,and Wuzhou was divided into two latent classes.In the future,the government should develop a range of ecological compensation based on the actual situation in different areas,implement a differentiated watershed ecological compensation policy,and use a variety of measures to motivate residents to participate in ecological and environmental protection.