酵母合成环黄芪醇的研究进展

Advances in the production of cycloastragenol using engineered yeast

黄芪是一种重要的中药材,为豆科植物黄芪的干燥根,含有黄酮类、多糖类、皂苷类等多种成分。环黄芪醇主要由黄芪中的黄芪甲苷转化而成,具有抗氧化、抗衰老等多种生物活性。但是现有的环黄芪醇生产策略依赖于中药提取,难以大规模生产。合成生物学技术的快速发展为构建酵母细胞工厂用于高效生产多种植物天然产物提供了基础,也为环黄芪醇的大规模高效合成提供了解决方案。本文综述了现有环黄芪醇的制备方法,对环黄芪醇合成途径及关键酶、萜类合成代谢途径调控等进行了阐述和讨论。未来,通过表达环黄芪醇的关键合成酶基因,并设计和构建酿酒酵母细胞工厂以提高萜类合成代谢通量,有望实现环黄芪醇的酵母合成。

Astragali radix is an important Chinese herbal medicine.It is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao or A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.,which contains flavonoids,polysaccharides,saponins and other components.Cycloastragenol is mainly converted from astragaloside in A.radix and has many biological activities such as anti-oxidation and anti-aging.However,current production strategy of cycloastragenol relies on the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine,which is difficult to carry out on a large scale.The rapid development of synthetic biotechnology provides the basis for constructing yeast cell factories to produce a variety of plant natural products with high efficiency and gives a solution for the large-scale and efficient synthesis of cycloastragenol.The available preparation methods of cycloastragenol are reviewed.The synthesis pathway and key enzymes for cycloastragenol and the regulation of the terpenoid synthesis metabolic pathway are described and discussed.In future,it can be expected that yeast synthesis of cycloastragenol will be achieved by expressing the key synthase genes of cycloastragenol and designing and constructing a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory to increase the metabolic flux of terpenoid synthesis.