两种芽孢杆菌对谷类作物秸秆微贮效果的影响

Effects of two Bacillus species on the micro-silage of cereal straw

利用微生物处理作物秸秆是秸秆饲料化利用的重要途径,对于实现秸秆饲料资源的高效安全利用、促进草食家畜生产具有重要意义。本研究以玉米、水稻和小麦秸秆为研究对象,利用枯草芽孢杆菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌及其组合对这三种作物秸秆进行45天发酵试验,以期评价两种芽孢杆菌对不同秸秆纤维降解和微贮效果的影响。结果表明,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌处理对三种秸秆纤维降解有显著影响,与对照组相比,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌使玉米秸秆中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)分别降低了7.31%、12.0%和21.4%,水稻秸秆分别降低了9.25%、16.0%和43.0%,小麦秸秆ADF下降6.52%;枯草芽孢杆菌处理使玉米秸秆NDF、ADF和ADL分别下降7.19%、13.1%和24.8%;小麦秸秆ADF下降6.96%,但其对水稻秸秆无显著影响,两种芽孢杆菌混合处理没有单菌处理效果显著。两种芽孢杆菌处理秸秆发酵产物中挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)以乙酸和丁酸为主,未检测到乳酸。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌均能显著降低玉米和小麦秸秆NDF和ADF含量,但由于发酵产物丁酸的存在降低了发酵品质,因此,为了改善微贮质量,未来需探讨两种芽孢杆菌与其它菌种复合效果。

Microbial treatment of crop straws is an important approach to feed utilization of straws,which is of great significance for realizing efficient and safe utilization of straws and promoting the production of herbivorous livestock.To evaluate the effects of two kinds of Bacillus on degradation and microsilage of straw fiber,a 45-day fermentation experiment was performed on corn,rice and wheat straws treated with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis and their combinations.The results showed that Bacillus velezensis had a significant effect on the degradation of the three fibers,Bacillus velezensis treatment reduced neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF)and acid detergent lignin(ADL)by 7.31%,12.0%and 21.4%for corn straw,and 9.25%,16.0%and 43.0%for rice straw,respectively.ADF of wheat straw by 6.52%.The Bacillus subtilis treatments reduced NDF,ADF and ADL of corn straw by 7.19%,13.1%and 24.8%,respectively.ADF of wheat straw by 6.96%,but it had no significant effect on rice straw,and the effect of mixed treatment of the two Bacillus species was not as significant as the single Bacillus specie treatment.The fermentation products of straw treated with both Bacillus species were mainly acetic acid and butyric acid,and lactic acid was not detected.Overall,both Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus subtilis could significantly reduce the NDF and ADF contents of corn and wheat straw,but the presence of butyric acid in the fermentation products decreased the fermentation quality.Therefore,in order to enhance the quality of micro-silage of straw,the complex microbial inoculants effect of both Bacillus species with other strains needs to be explored in the future.