珠江流域水工程联合调度方案实践与思考——以2022年大洪水为例

Practice and Reflection on Joint Operation Scheme of Water Projects of Pearl River Basin:Flood Control in 2022

珠江流域逐年编制的水工程联合调度方案,综合考虑流域防洪现状、调度实践经验不断扩展纳入联合调度范围的水工程,优化调整水工程现有调度方式,目前已成为珠江流域实时防洪调度的重要非工程措施。2022年6月,珠江流域发生了仅次于1915年的特大洪水,实时调度中以水工程联合调度方案为指导,根据防汛形势和水工程布局,采取了以龙滩为核心,联合干支流水库群、蓄滞洪区、分洪闸的多组合水工程联合调度方式,统筹流域全局,充分挖掘水工程洪水调蓄潜力,成功应对了2022年大洪水。梳理2022年洪水期间水工程联合调度方案运用情况,分析不同来水形势下水工程联合调度运用方式和调度效果,总结大洪水期间水工程防洪联合调度方案暴露的不足,探讨了以龙滩为核心的水工程防洪调度方式的优化空间,提出进一步完善珠江水工程联合调度方案的对策与建议。

The joint operation scheme of water projects compiled year by year in the Pearl River Basin comprehensively considers the current situation of flood control in the basin and the practical experience of dispatching and continuously expands the water projects included in the scope of joint operation,which optimizes and adjusts the existing dispatching modes of water projects.It has now become an important non-engineering measure for real-time flood control operation.In June 2022,the Pearl River Basin experienced a catastrophic flood,second only to the one in 1915.Under the guidance of the basin joint operation scheme of water projects,and based on the flood characteristics and flood control situation,the Longtan Reservoir plays a core role,jointly operated with various types of water projects such as the reservoirs in the main and tributary rivers,flood storage and detention areas,and floodgates.It coordinates the overall situation of the river basin and fully taps into the flood control and storage potentials of water projects,successfully dealing with the 2022 flood.This paper sorts out the application of the joint operation scheme of water projects during the flood period in 2022 and analyzes the application mode and dispatching effects of the joint operation of water projects under different water inflow situations.Then,the deficiencies of the flood control joint operation scheme of water projects exposed during the flood period are summarized.Discussions are made on the optimization space of flood control operation mode of water projects with the Longtan as the core.Finally,the countermeasures and suggestions for the further improvement of the joint operation scheme of the Pearl River Water Project are proposed.