后小康时代扶贫政策转向的逻辑遵循与实践路径——基于政策传播视域

The Logical Guidelines and Practical Direction of the Poverty Alleviation Policy Shift in the"Post Well-off Era":Based on the Perspective of Policy Dissemination

最令全世界瞩目的中国减贫成绩的取得,离不开科学且行之有效的、具有中国特色的扶贫政策。本文基于政策变迁理论,以中国扶贫政策实践及其传播为研究出发点,选取各省政府工作报告和《人民日报》扶贫报道为研究样本,运用词频统计方法,发现中国扶贫政策实践具有时间连续性、空间异质性,找出中国扶贫政策实践及传播演进的基本规律,即《人民日报》扶贫政策报道经历政治化—理性化—深度化的转变,政策议程持续影响媒体议程,媒体议程仅在一定程度上影响政策议程。并在此基础上,基于政策传播视域构建面向后小康时代的大众传媒参与相对贫困治理的“问题—发现”“整合—筛选”“引导—收集”“宣传—扩散”“监督—评估”路径。

From 1978 to 2020,China has achieved comprehensive poverty alleviation for the impoverished population under current standards,and secured a comprehensive victory in the fight against poverty.China's poverty alleviation work has undergone a process from initial construction to development,and then to continuous innovation and gradual improvement.The poverty alleviation strategy has undergone a significant transformation from mainly relying on external support like a blood transfusion to a more sustained effort from self-motivation,from relief-based poverty alleviation to development-driven poverty alleviation,and from overall poverty alleviation to regional poverty alleviation.On the whole,China's poverty level is gradually deepening from east to west,so more attention has been paid to the central and western regions in the deployment and implementation of poverty alleviation policies.Therefore,from a new historical starting point,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to review the evolution of and sort out the development of China's poverty alleviation policies.Based on the theory of policy change,this article selects two variables from the perspective of the evolution of China's poverty alleviation policy practice and dissemination:first,the government work reports of various provincial level regions from 1978 to 2020,as policy texts;poverty alleviation reports of the People's Daily,as media text.It constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework through the analysis method of big data,and conducts word frequency and high-frequency word co-occurrence analyses on the policy texts and media texts to study the change of China's poverty alleviation policy practice and dissemination.The research results show that in the overall poverty alleviation process in China,the poverty alleviation measures have continuity and long-term effectiveness in time,and focus on discontinuous innovation.However,the poverty alleviation security measures are increasingly improving,showing a trend of diversification,three-dimensional,and systematization.From the perspective of interregional comparison,both the policy agenda and the media agenda have shown a deepening of attention from east to west,and poverty alleviation policies across regions have shown significant differences.This article proposes the logical guidelines for the relative poverty alleviation policy in the“post well-off era”from the perspective of policy dissemination,and constructs a path for the participation of mass media in the relative poverty alleviation.This article extends the previous literature in the following aspects.Firstly,it breaks through the limitations of short stage,single region,and small sample size in previous research on the evolution of poverty alleviation policies.Second,it offers interdisciplinary research perspectives.Third,it starts a new topic.Although the research on China's poverty alleviation policies has always been one of the hot topics in the academic community,no scholars have systematically sorted out the practice and dissemination of China's poverty alleviation policies,so this article makes innovation in the topic selection.Fourth,although poverty alleviation policy,as an important field of public policy research,has received widespread attention from domestic scholars,and has yielded abundant research results,it is not difficult to find that no scholars have conducted research on the practice and dissemination of poverty alleviation policies in China from the perspective of policy text content.