“专项测验”的概念界定与“以测带练”和“以测代练”的应用思考

Concept Definition of the"Special Test"and the Application Thinking of"Leading Training with Tests"and"Substituting Tests with Training"

目的:明晰竞技体育训练过程中“专项测验”的概念,初步探析“以测代练、以测带练”在竞技训练中开展的合理性。方法:运用文献资料法、深度访谈法、逻辑分析法,梳理以往各类竞技运动项目中的测验特点,对专业运动员进行访谈,收集相关信息,并整理分析。结果:访谈结果表明16名非对抗性项目运动员均采用过专项测验的训练手段,15名对抗类项目运动员则不常使用专项测验的训练手段。结论:专项测验是以提高运动员竞技水平为目的,要求运动员按照比赛要求完成接近比赛负荷的训练活动,由教练员评价运动员表现、改进训练计划是帮助运动员提高专项能力的重要评价手段。

Objective:To clarify the concept of the"special test"in the process of competitive sports training,and preliminarily explore the rationality of the development of"substituting tests for training"and"leading training with tests"in competitive training.Methods:The literature method,in-depth interview method and logical analysis method were used to sort out the test characteristics of various previous competitive sports events,interview professional athletes,collect relevant information,and sort out and analyze.Results:Interview results showed that 16 athletes in non-competitive events all used the training method of special tests,and 15 athletes in competitive events did not often use the training method of special tests.Conclusion:The special test aims to improve the competitive level of athletes,requires athletes to complete the training activities close to the competition load according to the requirements of the competition and coaches to evaluate athletes'performance and improve the training plan,and is an important evaluation means to help athletes improve their special ability.