流动人口的代价付出及历史反思——基于对Q村的田野考察

Cost Expenditures and Historical Reflections of the Floating Population:A Field Study from Q Village in Southeastern Gansu

代价付出在人类社会发展进程中具有普遍性。我国农村人口向城市的大规模流动,既是突破制度羁绊并促进繁荣与发展的经济增长过程,也是流动人口付出代价的历史性过程。陇东南Q村的田野考察表明,长期流动务工经历中,流动人口付出了三类代价:身体性代价、情感性代价和心理性代价。各类代价伴随的不同创伤与损毁,以或隐或显的方式为流动者个体的生命刻上了深深的印痕,并通过代际传递对家庭产生持久影响。作为一个数量庞大的社会群体,流动人口的代价付出需要引起应有的关注与认知反思,缩减这一群体的流动代价,使其尽可能摆脱因多种代价付出而面临的发展困境,既是以人民为中心发展观的实践需要,也是弥合城乡发展鸿沟、推进乡村振兴战略有效实施的必然要求。

Cost expenditures are very common in the development of human society.The large-scale movement of the rural population to cities in China is not only the process of the economic growth,which breaks institutional fetter and promotes prosperity and development,but also a historical process in which the floating population pays the cost.The field investigation of Q village in southeastern Gansu shows that in the long-term migrant work experience,the floating population has paid three kinds of costs:physical cost,emotional cost and psychological cost.The different traumas and damages from costs have deeply engraved on the lives of individual migrants in an implicit or explicit way,and have a lasting impact on their family through intergenerational transmission.The floating population is increasing year by year and has become the large social group,their cost expenditures should be paid close attention and reflected.It is not only the practical needs of people-centered development concept,but also indispensable requirement of bridging the gap between the urban and rural development and promoting the effective implementation of the rural revitalization strategy to reduce the cost of the floating population and get rid of the development dilemma which various cost expenditures cause.