高铁开通、要素流动与城市创新能力提升——来自中国268个城市的经验证据

High-Speed Railway Service,Factor Flow and Urban Innovation Ability Improvement——An empirical evidence from 268 cities in China

运用2004—2020年中国268个地级及以上城市的相关数据,采用多期双重差分模型,从人才、资本要素流动的视角,考察高铁开通对城市创新能力的影响效应及其作用机制。研究结果表明:高铁开通显著促进了中国城市创新能力提升;高铁开通对东部沿海及中部地区城市创新能力有显著提升作用,对东北、西南及西北地区城市创新能力影响效果不明显,对大规模、中心城市的影响作用大于小规模、非中心城市;高铁通过人才、资本流动路径有效促进城市创新能力提升,其中对黄河中游经济区的作用大于其他经济区,对大规模城市的作用大于特大、中小规模城市。

Based on the relevant data of 268 cities at prefecture level and above in China from 2004 to 2020,this paper uses a multi-period double difference model to investigate the impact of the opening of high-speed railway on urban innovation ability and its mechanism from the perspective of the flow of talents and capital elements.The results show that the opening of high-speed railway has significantly promoted the innovation ability of China's cities,that it has a significant lifting effect on the innovation ability of cities in the eastern coastal and central regions,but no obvious effect on the innovation ability of cities in the northeast,southwest and northwest regions,and that it has a greater impact on large-scale and central cities than small-scale and non-central cities.High-speed railway can effectively promote the innovation ability of cities through the flow of talents and capital,and its role in the middle reaches of the Yellow River is greater than that in other economic zones,and its role in large-scale cities is greater than that in mega-cities,small and medium-sized cities.