我国自贸区(港)公平竞争审查制度创新探索及路径优化

Innovation Exploration and Path Optimization of Fair CompetitionReview System in the Free Trade Zones (Ports) of China

我国自贸区(港)推行和深入实施公平竞争审查制度,这既与自贸区(港)经济高质量发展目标高度契合,也有助于自贸区(港)营商环境进一步优化,同时也为其他区域全面落实该制度提供了制度创新的“样本”。从实践来看,我国自贸区(港)制度创新的先行实践主要体现在探索制定主体与审查主体相对分离的审查机制、细化审查标准以及改进考核评价机制等方面。然而,囿于公平竞争自我审查模式固有局限以及自贸区(港)差异化发展状况,自贸区(港)仍存在法制化程度不高、内部审查模式监督机制不够健全、产业政策的正负面效应冲突制约着审查效果以及现行实施机制未体现自贸区(港)差异化问题。因此,需要完善公平竞争审查制度的功能与定位,重构审查模式,对产业政策开展专门性公平竞争审查,并探索公平竞争差异化审查机制等,促进自贸区(港)公平竞争审查制度的创新发展。

The promotion and in-depth implementation of the fair competition review system in China's free trade zones(ports)is not only highly consistent with the high-quality economic development goals of the free trade zone(port),but also conducive to further optimization of the business environment of the free trade zones(ports).At the same time,it also provides a sample of institutional innovation for other regions to fully implement the system.In practical terms,the pioneering practice of institutional innovation in our free trade zones(ports)is mainly reflected in the exploration of formulating a review mechanism that is relatively separate from the review subject,refining the review criteria and improving the assessment mechanism.However,due to the inherent restraint of the fair competition review model and the differentiated development of the free trade zones(ports),the implementation of the fair competition review system is faced with many problems,including the low degree of legalization,imperfect internal audit model monitoring mechanism,the restriction of the review effect caused by the conflict of positive and negative effects of industrial policies,and the failure on the part of the current implementation mechanism to reflect the differentiation of free trade zones(ports).Therefore,it is necessary to improve the functions and positioning of the fair competition review system,reconstruct the fair competition review model,carry out specialized fair competition reviews on industrial policies and explore the fair competition review mechanism so as to promote the innovative development of the fair competition review system in the free trade zones(ports).