通达现代中国的火把节——论现代知识分子对云南火把节的再“发现”

Access to the Torch Festival in Modern China——On the rediscovery of the Torch Festival in Yunnan by modern intellectuals

火把节是云南彝族、白族、纳西族等少数民族重要的传统节日。由于文化差异的存在,在许多近现代作家那里,火把节被视为“奇风异俗”,突出其“趣”和“恶”的一面。抗战时期,西南联合大学知识分子有了切身体验云南少数民族文化的机会,对火把节进行了真实的考察和记录,还原了火把节作为民俗现实和生活实践的本来面目。同时,在战时历史场域中,联大知识分子对火把节进行了一次意义的再“发现”,赋予火把节抗战火炬的象征意义,实现了与云南少数民族的有效互动,将云南少数民族文化整合进现代中国,体现了现代民族国家的共同体意识。这种对云南少数民族文化的再“发现”,彰显了现代语境下本土文化所具有的个性和自信,为现代中国打上了特有的民族印记。

The Torch Festival is an important traditional festival of the Yi,Bai and Naxi and other ethnic minorities in Yunnan.Due to the existence of cultural differences,in the minds of many modern writers,the Torch Festival is regarded as a"strange custom",highlighting its"fun"and"evil"side.During the Anti-Japanese War period,intellectuals from the National Southwestern Associated University had the opportunity to experience Yunnan's minority culture firsthand,and they conducted realistic investigations and made records of the Torch Festival,restoring the original face of the festival as a folklore reality and life practice.At the same time,in the field of wartime history,the intellectuals of NSAU made a"rediscovery"of the meaning of the Torch Festival,investing it with the symbolic meaning of the symbolic significance of the Anti-Japanese war torch,achieving effective interaction with the Yunnan ethnic minorities,integrating Yunnan minorities'culture into modern China,and embodying the sense of community of the modern nation-states.This"rediscovery"of Yunnan's minority cultures highlights the individuality and self-confidence of the local culture in the modern context,and this made a unique national mark for modern China.