基于POI数据的福州市中心城区零售业空间格局及其影响因素

Research on Spatial Pattern and Its Influencing Factors of Retail Industries in Fuzhou Downtown Area Based on POI Data

基于零售业网点(POI)数据,借助区位熵、最邻近指数、核密度估计等方法,探究了福州市中心城区零售业网点的空间格局及其影响因素.结果表明:(1)福州市中心城区零售业呈现出以核心区为中心,中间区为条带,外围区为岛状的“核心-外围”分布形态,集聚热点主要在鼓楼、台江、晋安等区,以及沿道路和河岸地带;(2)福州中心城区零售业网点整体呈现“西北-东南”走向且圈层集聚差异显著,空间上以鼓楼区、台江区等核心区构成4个圈层集聚区,各类零售业网点在3-4圈层集聚水平一致但外层分异明显;(3)各类零售业网点总体以鼓楼区东南部—台江区—晋安区西缘为核心集聚区,因属性不同而呈现热点差异.超级市场零售(5212)、便利店零售(5213)两类零售业网点数量多且空间覆盖面广.汽车、摩托车、零配件和燃料及其他动力销售(526)数量最少且集聚在城市郊区;(4)福州是典型的河口盆地型城市,地形与河流影响其城市扩张与零售业分布,形成“核心-外围”分布模式.福州市中心城区零售业空间分布格局与人口密度疏密情况基本一致,符合中心地理论的规律.零售业倾向于聚集在交通网络密集的地区,且主要沿着道路分布,显示出高度的空间相邻性.

The retail industries are essential in driving urban economic growth and is an integral part of the urban commercial network.Based on the data of retail outlets POI(Point of Interest),we examined the spatial pattern of retail outlets in Fuzhou downtown area using locational entropy,nearest neighbor index,and kernel density estimation.The results show that:(1)The retail industry has presented a“core⁃periphery”structure,consisting of three high⁃density core areas in the Tai⁃jiang and Gulou Districts,one agglomeration area running from Taijiang to Jin'an Districts,and two“islands”in Cangshan District and Hangcheng Street of Changle District.(2)In Fuzhou downtown area,the internal retail outlets follow a“northwest⁃southeast”pattern,with a significant difference in circle concentration.Spatially,the core areas such as Gulou district and Taijiang district consti⁃tute four circles of agglomeration,and various retail industries have the same level of agglomeration in the 3-4 circles,but the outer layer is obviously different.(3)Various retail industries are gener⁃ally located in the southeast of Gulou District⁃Taijiang District⁃the western edge of Jinan District as the core concentration area.The hotspots varies depending on their attributes.The supermarket retailing(5212)and convenience store retailing(5213)have a large number of retail outlets with comprehensive spatial coverage.Automobile,motorcycle,spare parts and fuel,and other power sales(526)have the fewest number of outlets and cluster in the city's suburbs.(4)Fuzhou is a typi⁃cal estuarine basin city,with topography and rivers influencing its urban sprawl and retail distribu⁃tion,leading to the formation of a‘core⁃periphery’distribution pattern.The spatial distribution pat⁃tern of retail in the central city of Fuzhou is generally consistent with the low population density,in line with the central place theory.Retail tends to cluster in areas with a dense transport network and is mainly located along roads,showing a high degree of spatial relationship.