开放式创新、独占机制与创新绩效——鱼和熊掌如何兼得?

Impact of Open and Appropriation on Innovation Performance:How to Have Both Fish and Paw?

开放式创新与独占机制二者存在内在冲突,如何在悖论情景下提高创新绩效是学界和产业界关注的热点问题。本文基于1995—2019年上市公司发明专利申请数据和引用数据,运用门限回归模型、中介效应模型和分组检验进行实证分析,研究悖论情境下开放式创新和独占机制对企业创新绩效的影响。研究发现,开放式创新对创新绩效的影响有明显的双门限效应,随着开放度的提高,开放式创新对创新绩效的促进作用降低。独占机制作为开放式创新的保障机制,对创新绩效的影响存在双门限效应,随着独占度的增加,独占机制对创新绩效的影响程度呈阶段式下降。综合考虑独占机制和开放式创新对创新绩效的影响,本文确定了企业的相对最优开放区间和最佳保护边界,有助于企业明确开放式创新和独占机制之间的关系,有助于企业根据创新目的和创新阶段的不同,在最佳保护边界和最优开放区间动态化调整开放战略和独占战略,以实现产权有效利用和增值,提升企业创新绩效。

How to improve innovation performance under the open paradox is a hot issue in the academic and industrial circles.Based on the panel data of invention patent application of listed companies from 1995 to 2019,this paper uses the panel threshold regression model to explore the difference of the impact of open innovation and appropriation regime on firm innovation performance,and then define the optimal openness and optimal protection boundary of enterprises.The empirical research results show that:First,the impact of open innovation on innovation performance is significantly positive,and there is an obvious double threshold effect,so that the increase of openness weakens the impact of open innovation on innovation performance.Second,as a safeguard mechanism for open innovation,the appropriation regime promoted innovation performance through open innovation.There is an obvious double threshold effect on the impact of appropriation regime on innovation performance,the degree of impact had slide at different levels of appropriation.The last,considering the impact of appropriation regime and open innovation on innovation performance,the optimal protection boundary of enterprises is[1.125,2.0],and the optimal openness is[0.667,1.8].This study helps enterprises to clarify the relationship between open innovation and exclusive mechanism,and it is helpful for enterprises to dynamically adjust the degree at the optimal protection boundary and the optimal openness according to the different innovation purposes,and maximize the enterprise innovation performance under the condition of both fish and bear's paw.