计及生态流量要求的综合利用水库长期优化调度

Research on long‐term optimal operation of comprehensive utilization reservoir considering ecological flow requirements

以黔西北夹岩水利枢纽为研究对象,建立以供水、发电和生态为目标的水库长期调度优化模型,针对该模型多目标且决策维数大于状态维数的特点,提出了耦合权重法和水量分配规则的综合利用水库动态规划求解方法,获得了供水、发电和生态3个目标的非劣解集,并对3个目标之间的竞争关系进行了剖析,在此基础上推荐了供水、发电和生态目标均衡的水库调度方案。结果表明:均衡方案水库多年平均消落水位变化大,说明水库调节作用对3个目标有较为均衡的影响,而以供水综合保证率和生态率属度最大为目标时,水库平均消落水位变化小,说明从供水和满足生态流量角度来看,水库调节作用相对较小。

This paper takes the Jiayan Reservoir in northwest Guizhou Province as the research object and establishes a long-term reservoir operation optimization model with the objectives of water supply,power generation and ecology.Aiming at the characteristics of the model with multi-objective and the decision-making dimension greater than the state dimension,a dynamic programming solution method for comprehensive utilization of reservoir,which couples the weighting method and water distribution rules,is proposed.The noninferior solution set of the three objectives of water supply,power generation and ecology is obtained,and the competitive relationship between the three objectives is analyzed.On this basis,a reservoir operation scheme with balanced water supply,power generation and ecological objectives is recommended.The results show that the annual average water depletion level of the reservoir in the balanced scheme changes greatly,indicating the influence of the reservoir regulation on the balance of the three objectives.However,with the maximum comprehensive guarantee rate of water supply and the ecological membership degree as the objectives,the average water depletion level of the reservoir has little change,indicating that the regulation effect of the reservoir is relatively small from the perspective of water supply and meeting ecological flow.