分配正义与马克思的意识形态批判

Distributive Justice and Marx's Critique of Ideology

罗尔斯的分配正义理论复兴了当代政治哲学。但从马克思的立场看,罗尔斯的理论仍然是近代以降资产阶级意识形态观念的延续和铺展。在方法论层面,罗尔斯依赖的反思平衡法和契约论是偏私的;在原初状态中,他所预设的人的观念等,是资产阶级意识形态立场所形塑的结果;无论是“平等的自由原则”“公平的机会平等原则”,抑或是“差别原则”,都没有超出马克思所批评的资产阶级“狭隘视界”。在马克思的视野中,从分配正义的视角批判资本主义是毫无意义的,本质上依然是意识形态呓语。

Both Karl Marx and John Rawls were leading the development of political philosophy in their era.Rawls'theory of justice would be deemed as one of the capitalistic ideologies from Marx's point of view.Firstly,Rawls'approaches that are reflective equilibrium and social contract are impartial and misleading.Secondly,the conception of the person and the device of the original position is a result of capitalistic ideological values.Thirdly,in his famed book a Theory of Justice,Rawls tried to justify the principle of equal liberties,fair equality of opportunity and difference principle.But all of these principles won't be agreed and accepted by Marx.Marx would judge them to be ideological whether or not he regards justice as normative conception.