黑格尔王权理论的概念逻辑

On the Conceptual Logic of H egel's Theory of Monarchy

作为黑格尔政治哲学的重要内容,王权理论是其理性国家体系的关键一环。不同于前人用神权来论证君权,黑格尔对包括王权理论在内的整个法哲学的阐述都是在概念逻辑和经验论相结合的基础上进行的。黑格尔严格区分了有机环节和部分之间的差异,反对将有机体等同于孤立的、独立的原子所“构成”的集合体,主张有机体是“生成”的过程,各环节之间的差异是自我的差异。黑格尔把王权看作国家机体的有机环节,同时用概念的自我展开来展示王权的各个环节,以此来解决传统三权分立所造成的现代国家的撕裂。不过,黑格尔在论述过程中所暴露的问题,为后来马克思对他的批判埋下了伏笔。

As an important part of Hegel's political philosophy,the theory of kingship is the key link of his rational state system.Different from the previous practice of using divine power to demonstrate monarchy,Hegel's exposition of the whole philosophy of right,including the theory of monarchy,is based on the combination of conceptual logic and empiricism.Hegel strictly distinguishes the differences between organic links and parts,that is,organic means that it is not an aggregate“composed”of morbid isolated and independent atoms.On the contrary,the organism is a process of“generation”,and the differences between links are self-difference.Hegel regarded monarchy as an organic link of the state organism,and used the self-expansion of the concept to show all links of monarchy,so as to solve the tear of the modern state caused by the traditional separation of three powers.However,the problems exposed in Hegel's discussion also laid an opportunity for Marx's criticism of him later.