山东省农村老年人多维度健康现况调查与分析

An investigation and analysis on multidimensional health status of the rural elderly in Shandong

目的探讨从躯体、心理、社会三个方面对农村老年人健康现况进行调查和分析,以了解农村老年人健康状况和健康服务需求。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对山东潍坊青州市邵庄镇南王孔村263名60岁及以上的老年人(年龄70.9±7.9岁,男性113名,女性150名,60~69岁125例、70~79岁98例、80岁及以上40例)以入户面对面询问方式进行调查。采用自制调查问卷综合评估和分析老年人躯体、心理、社会和整体健康的状况。结果该地区农村老年人整体健康达标率为30%(79名),躯体、心理和社会健康达标率分别为73.8%(194名)、84.0%(221名)和34.6%(91名);其中80岁及以上老年人躯体健康状况男性好于女性(χ^(2)=5.736,P<0.05),全年龄组及60~69岁年龄组整体健康状况男性好于女性(χ^(2)=7.468和11.116,均P<0.01)。3个年龄组整体、躯体、心理和社会健康中不健康、基本健康、健康比例比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=40.590、29.342、18.503、27.615,均P<0.01),且趋势χ^(2)检验结果显示,整体、躯体、心理和社会健康的健康状态分布呈增龄而下降趋势(χ^(2)=21.994、12.831、16.570、22.595,均P<0.01)。结论山东省农村老年人整体健康评估为健康的占比为30.0%,基本健康的占比为48.3%,不健康的占比为21.7%,老年人的健康状态随增龄逐渐变差。政府应加强对农村老年人进行多维度健康评估,在疾病防治、心理疏导和社会参与等方面上为老年人提供综合性健康指导服务和针对性干预措施。

Objective To evaluate and analyze the health status of the elderly from physical health,mental health and social health,so as to understand the health status and health service needs of rural elderly.Methods A total of 263 elderly people aged 60 years and over(mean aged 70.9±7.9 years,113 males and 150 females,125 aged 60-69 years,98 aged 70-79 years and 40 aged 80 years and over)in Nanwangkong Village,Shaozhuang Town,Qingzhou City,Weifang City,Shandong Province were selected by cluster sampling method.The physical,mental,social and overall health status of the elderly were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed by self-designed questionnaire.Results The overall health rate was 30%(79 cases),and the physical health,mental health and social health rates were 73.8%(194 cases),84.0%(221 cases)and 34.6%(91 cases),respectively,in rural elderly in this area.The physical health was better in males than in females in 80~years old groups(χ^(2)=5.736,P<0.05).The overall health was better in males than in females in the total age group and the 60~69 years old groups(χ^(2)=7.468 and 11.116,both P<0.01).The proportions of unhealthy,basic healthy and healthy people in the overall and the dimensions of physical health,mental health and social health had significant differences in the 60~69,70~79 and 80~years old groups(χ^(2)=40.590,29.342,18.503 and 27.615,all P<0.01),and the Chi-square test for trend showed that there was a statistically significant downward trend of overall health grade distribution with age(χ^(2)=21.994,12.831,16.570 and 22.595,both P<0.01).Conclusions In this study,30.0%of the rural elderly were considered healthy,48.3%were basically healthy,and 21.7%were unhealthy.The health status of the elderly gradually deteriorates with age.The government should strengthen the multidimensional health assessment of the rural elderly and provide the comprehensive health guidance services and targeted interventions for the elderly in terms of disease control,psychological counseling and social participation.