父母参与情感障碍青少年情绪管理影响因素的质性研究

A qualitative study on the influencing factors of parents′participation in emotional management of adolescents with affective disorder

目的了解父母参与情感障碍青少年情绪管理的阻碍和促进因素,为医护人员制订父母参与情感障碍青少年情绪管理干预措施提供依据。方法采用目的抽样法,于2021年7—12月选取大庆市第三医院的16名情感障碍青少年的父亲或母亲进行面对面半结构式深入访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料进行分析。结果从两方面提炼主题,一是阻碍因素:父母自身因素包括缺少疾病知识、陪伴时间少、情绪控制能力差、沟通方式不当、夫妻关系差,孩子自身因素包括病理因素、性格,环境因素包括学业压力、人际关系,经济因素包括治疗费用昂贵、生活压力;二是促进因素:他人支持包括家庭支持、专业人士的帮助,积极应对包括寻找应对策略、转变心态。结论医护人员应关注这些影响因素,从多方面构建父母参与情感障碍青少年情绪管理的方案,让父母积极参与孩子情绪管理,促进情感障碍青少年康复。

Objective To understand the barriers and facilitators to parental involvement in emotionally disturbed adolescents′emotion management and to provide a basis for healthcare professionals to develop interventions for parental involvement in emotionally disturbed adolescents′emotion management.Methods Use of purposive sampling method from July to December 2021,16 face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with fathers or mothers of adolescents with affective disorders from the Third Hospital of Daqing City,and the data were analyzed using the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results Refining the theme from two aspects,one was the hindering factors:parents′own factors including lack of knowledge about the disease,little time for companionship,poor emotional control,inappropriate communication style,and poor couple relationship;the child′s own factors including pathological factors,personality;environmental factors including academic stress,interpersonal relationships;economic factors including high cost of treatment,life stress.The other was the facilitating factors:support from others including family support,professional help;positive coping including finding coping strategies,change of mindset.Conclusions Healthcare professionals should pay attention to these influencing factors and construct a program for parental involvement in emotionally disturbed adolescents′emotion management from various aspects,so that parents can actively participate in their children′s emotion management and promote the rehabilitation of emotionally disturbed adolescents.