镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷的研究进展

A Review on Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Transparent Ceramics

高性能透明陶瓷既具有陶瓷材料的耐高温、耐腐蚀、高绝缘、高强度等特性,又具有玻璃材料的光学性能,是极端环境用的重要光学材料。镁铝尖晶石作为透明陶瓷材料的一种,具有立方各向同性、低密度、高熔点、高硬度、高电阻、低热膨胀、高抗热震、耐腐蚀、高强度、近紫外到中红外的透光性和高温稳定性等优异性能,在国防军事、航空航天、激光照明、医疗器械等众多领域备受青睐;而且已广泛应用于红外制导窗口、高马赫航空器的整流罩、透明装甲和极端环境下的光电设备等关系国防安全与核心竞争力的关键领域。镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷的研究起步很早,在多年的研究中,科研工作者不断改进镁铝尖晶石粉体合成工艺和烧结技术,形成了逐渐完善的镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷制备体系,已经在强度、纯度、致密度和透光性等方面大有突破。然而,由于镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷是多晶陶瓷,光散射位点多,影响因素多,使得高性能镁铝尖晶石的制备仍然具有一定难度。因此,本文将系统综述镁铝尖晶石的原料合成、烧结工艺及其对镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷结构和性能的影响,旨在阐明镁铝尖晶石的原料-工艺-结构-性能关系以及存在的主要问题与解决方案,为制备极端环境用高性能镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷提供参考。

High-performance transparent ceramics are one of the most important optical materials for extreme environments applications,which possess both the excellent thermal mechanical properties(high temperature stability,corrosion resistance,high insulation and high strength)of ceramics and unique optical properties of glass materials.As a typical transparent ceramic material,magnesium-aluminum(Mg-Al)spinel ceramics have the excellent properties of cubic isotropy,low density,high melting point,high hardness,high resistance,low thermal expansion,high thermal shock resistance,corrosion resistance,high strength,high temperature stability and near-ultraviolet to mid-infrared light transmission.Therefore,Mg-Al spinel transparent ceramics could be used as infrared guidance windows,fairings of high Mach aircraft,transparent armor and optoelectronic devices,which are highly favored in the fields of national defense and military,aerospace,laser lighting,medical devices,etc.With a long research history and improvement of Mg-Al spinel powder synthesis and sintering technology,a great breakthrough on strength,purity,density and optical properties of Mg-Al spinel transparent ceramic has been made.However,it's still a challenge to prepare high-performance Mg-Al spinel transparent ceramics due to the eliminate light scattering sites and complicated process dependent parameters.Therefore,in this review,the synthesis of raw material,sintering/densification techniques and the structure,property evolution of Mg-Al spinel transparent ceramics will be discussed systematically,in order to reveal the raw material-process-structure-property relationship.The key problems and possible solutions for preparing high-performance Mg-Al spinel transparent ceramics are illustrated too.