2021年湖南省中学生超重肥胖与血压的关联性研究

Association of overweight and obesity with blood pressure among middle school students in Hunan Province,2021

目的 调查湖南省中学生超重肥胖与血压偏高的流行现状、影响因素及关联性,为中学生超重肥胖和血压偏高的防控提供科学依据。方法 于2021年采取多阶段分层整群抽样的方法抽取省内30 530名中学生进行体格检查和问卷调查,通过χ2检验、logistic回归控制混杂因素并分析超重肥胖与血压偏高的影响因素和关联性。结果 2021年湖南省中学生总超重肥胖率27.90%、血压偏高率10.01%。男生超重肥胖率(31.95%)和血压偏高率(10.41%)均显著高于女生(超重肥胖率:23.72%;血压偏高率:9.59%)。不同中学类型(χ^(2)=39.270,P<0.001)、一周内60 min以上中高强度运动天数(χ^(2)=6.427,P=0.040)、BMI等级(χ^(2)=770.706,P<0.001)之间血压偏高检出率差异有统计学意义;BMI等级与血压偏高具有一定相关性,且随着BMI等级的升高,血压偏高的风险随之增加(R=0.142,P<0.001)。超重、肥胖的中学生血压偏高的风险分别是BMI指数正常者的1.694倍(OR=1.694,95%CI:1.546~1.855)和3.289倍(OR=3.289,95%CI:3.003~3.603);高中学生发生血压偏高的风险是初中学生的1.285倍(OR=1.285,95%CI:1.196~1.381);超重、肥胖的男中学生发生血压偏高的风险分别是BMI正常者的1.698倍(OR=1.698,95%CI:1.500~1.922)和3.220倍(OR=3.220,95%CI:2.851~3.635);超重、肥胖的女中学生发生血压偏高的风险分别是正常者的1.688倍(OR=1.688,95%CI:1.475~1.931)和3.377倍(OR=3.377,95%CI:2.940~3.880)。结论 超重肥胖是湖南省中学生血压偏高的危险因素,预防超重肥胖对于血压偏高的防控具有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the current status of overweight,obesity and high blood pressure and their influencing factors and correlations among middle school students in Hunan Province,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of overweight,obesity and high blood pressures.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 30,530 middle school students in Hunan Province in 2021 for physical examinations and questionnaire surveys.Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to control the confounding factors and explore the factors influencing overweight,obesity and high blood pressure and their associations.Results The overall overweight and obesity rate in the middle school students in Hunan Province in 2021 was 27.90%,and the high blood pressure rate was 10.01%.The overweight and obesity rate and the high blood pressure rate were higher in male students than in female ones(31.95%vs.23.72%,10.41%vs.9.59%).There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of high blood pressure among different types of middle schools(χ^(2)=39.270,P<0.001),the days of moderate to high intensity exercises more than 60 minutes within one week(χ^(2)=6.427,P=0.040)and BMI grades(χ^(2)=770.706,P<0.001).BMI grades were correlated with high blood pressure,and the risk of high blood pressure increased with the increase of BMI grade(R=0.142,P<0.001).The risks of high blood pressure in middle school students with overweight and obesity were 1.694 times(OR=1.694,95%CI:1.546-1.855)and 3.289 times(OR=3.289,95%CI:3.003-3.603)higher than that in those with normal BMI.The risk of high blood pressure in high school students was 1.285 times(OR=1.285,95% CI:1.196-1.381)higher than that in junior middle school students.The risks of high blood pressure in overweight and obese male middle school students were 1.698 times(OR=1.698,95%CI:1.500-1.922)and 3.220 times(OR=3.220,95%CI:2.851-3.635)as compared with those with normal BMI.The risks of high blood pressure in overweight and obese female middle school students were 1.688 times(OR=1.688,95%CI:1.475-1.931)and 3.377 times(OR=3.377,95%CI:2.940-3.880)as compared with those with normal BMI.Conclusion Overweight and obesity are risk factors for high blood pressure among the middle school students in Hunan Province.Prophylaxis of overweight and obesity is of great significance for high blood pressure prevention and control.