营养风险筛查指导干预模式在口腔癌患者围手术期的应用效果

Application effect of nutritional risk screening-guided intervention model on perioperative period of oral cancer patients

目的探讨营养风险筛查指导干预模式在口腔癌患者围手术期的干预效果。方法以2021年1~12月在重庆医科大学附属口腔医院接受择期外科手术的110例口腔癌患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分对照组和观察组。对照组54例患者于围手术期开展常规饮食护理指导,观察组56例患者于围手术期开展营养风险筛查指导干预模式。对比2组患者的营养风险、生活质量、营养指标、切口愈合情况和住院时间等。结果术后2周,观察组存在营养风险的占比低于对照组(P<0.05)。手术当日和术后2周,2组的总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和血红蛋白水平均高于入院24 h,且观察组均高于同期对照组;2组在术后2周的上述营养指标均高于手术当日,对比均存在统计学差异(P均<0.05)。术后2周,2组的欧洲癌症研究治疗组织的生命质量核心问卷各维度评分均高于术前(P均<0.05),且观察组均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。观察组的胃肠道不良反应总发生率低于对照组,住院时间短于对照组,切口愈合情况优于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论营养风险筛查指导干预模式可降低口腔癌患者围手术期的营养不良风险,减少胃肠道不良反应,缩短住院时间,促进切口愈合,并改善营养指标和生活质量。

Objective To explore the intervention effect of nutritional risk screening-guided intervention model on the oral cancer patients during perioperative period.Methods A total of 110 oral cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment at Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects.They were allocated into a control group and an observation group via random number table method.The 54 patients in the control group were given routine diet nursing and guidance during the perioperative period,while the 56 patients in the observation group were given nutritional risk screening-guided intervention model during the perioperative period.The nutritional risk,quality of life,nutritional indicators,incision healing,and hospital stay were compared between the two groups.Results At 2 weeks after surgery,the proportion of patients with nutritional risk in the observation group was less than that in the control group(P<0.05).On the day of surgery and at 2 weeks after surgery,the levels of total protein,albumin,globulin,and hemoglobin in the two groups were higher than those at 24 hrs after admission,and the above nutritional indicators in the observation group were higher than those in the control group.The above nutritional indicators of the two groups at 2 weeks after surgery were higher than those on the day of surgery.The differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).At 2 weeks after surgery,the scores of all dimensions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire in the two groups were higher than those before surgery(all P<0.05),and the scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05).The total incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group.The hospital stay was shorter than that in the control group.The incision healing was better than that in the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion Nutritional risk screening-guided intervention model can reduce the malnutrition risk of oral cancer patients during perioperative period,reduce the gastrointestinal adverse reactions,shorten the hospital stay,promote the incision healing,and improve the nutritional indicators and quality of life.