美国高等教育的数字化转型进程

Digital Transformation of Higher Education in the United States

教育数字化转型是一场由数字技术发展引发的教育领域的系统性变革。美国高校的教育数字化转型战略定位和实践经验,对于我国高校落实教育数字化战略行动、加快教育数字化转型有积极意义。文章以美国高等教育信息技术协会教育数字化转型调查报告为始点,结合美国多所院校教育数字化转型案例分析,形成了对美国高等教育数字化转型现状及影响因素的白描,同时介绍为美国各级教育系统数字化转型提供支持服务的相关机构和组织,为借鉴美国数字化转型的规范化路径提供了线索。分析发现,近年美国高等教育数字化转型受疫情影响而得到整体加速,尤其在智能化和个性化的学生服务、大数据支持下的院校发展决策、跨部门工作流程的贯通等方面有明显的转型迹象。但是,在技术生态建设、技术人才更新、文化变革管理等方面仍然存在一定障碍。在我国高等教育数字化转型进程中,有必要从价值定位、战略方向、运作模型层面来增强高校应变能力和竞争力。

Digital technology is leading systematic transformations in education worldwide in recent years.Taking American institutes’strategic plans and practical experience of digital transformation as a mirror has positive significance for Chinese universities in implementing the national strategic action plan of education digitalization and accelerating higher education transformation.With reference to EDUCAUSE education digital transformation surveys and the case studies of several American institutions,this article formed a comprehensive description of the current situation and influencing factors for American higher education digital transformation.Several critical service providers and data exchange standard associations promote the standardized paths of education digital transformation in the United States.Digital transformation of higher education in the U.S.has been accelerated by the COVID-19 epidemic,especially in Intelligent Assistants and personalized learner services,data-driven decision-making,and digital workflow streamlining across departments.However,there are still certain obstacles,such as the IT ecosystem,attracting technical talents,and cultural transition.Drawn from American universities’experience,achieving digital transformation needs Chinese institutes to reconsider the value position,strategic direction and operation model in order to enhance the resilience and competitiveness.