反刍动物全消化道营养调控理论探讨

Discussion on Nutrition Regulation Theory of Total Digestive Tract in Ruminants

在早期研究中,人们发现反刍动物由于具有独特的复胃消化代谢体系,其皱胃和肠道的食糜排空规律与单胃动物存在显著差异。但受研究手段的制约,对于进入皱胃的食糜成分、胃肠道消化酶、微生物组成以及营养物质进入瘤胃后的消化代谢规律开展的研究极少。在此后的研究中,反刍动物瘤胃的作用受到高度重视,而消化道的其他部位特别是皱胃和肠道在营养物质消化代谢中的作用却长期被忽视。此后,有限的研究表明瘤胃后的消化道在营养物质消化代谢中可能具有重要作用,特别是随着肉牛高精饲料育肥技术的发展,这种重要性日趋提高。笔者认为,将反刍动物不同消化部位的营养物质消化代谢作为整体进行考虑,建立全消化道营养调控理论,会更符合反刍动物营养学研究的需要,对指导反刍动物生产也将更具有针对性。当前,优先研究的重点应是探明瘤胃后消化道中营养物质的消化代谢规律,以及消化道不同部位如何协同实现营养物质的消化代谢。

In early studies,it was found that ruminants have a unique complex digestive and metabolic system,the abomasum and intestinal digesta empties are significantly different from those of monogastric animals.However,limited by research methods,few studies have been carried out on the composition of digesta,gastrointestinal digestive enzymes,microbial composition and the nutrients digestion in the rumen.In subsequent studies,the role of rumen in ruminants has been highly valued,while the role of other parts of digestive tract,especially the abomasum and intestines,in nutrients digestion and metabolism has been neglected for a long time.Since then,limited studies have shown that the digestive tract after the rumen may play a crucial role in nutrient metabolism,especially with the development of high-concentrate fattening technology for beef cattle,this importance is increasing.The author believes that taking the nutrient metabolism of different digestive parts of ruminants into consideration as a whole and establishing the whole digestive tract nutrient regulation theory will be more in line with the needs of ruminant nutrition research and will be more targeted to guide the production of ruminants.At present,the priority of research should be to explore the digestive tract nutrient metabolism of nutrients in the post-rumen digestive tract,and how different parts of the digestive tract cooperate to achieve nutrient digestion and metabolism.