储存4年玉米对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和肠道菌群的影响

Effects of Corn Stored for Four Years on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Meat Quality and Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens

本试验旨在研究饲喂不同水平储存4年玉米替代正常玉米的饲粮对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和肠道菌群的影响。试验选取1日龄体重接近、健康的罗斯308商品肉仔鸡公鸡500只,随机分为5个组,每组10个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组(A组)饲喂正常玉米-豆粕型饲粮;B组、C组、D组和E组饲粮中分别使用15%、30%、45%和60%的储存4年玉米。试验期35 d。结果表明:1)1~14日龄,各组之间肉鸡生长性能指标均无显著差异(P>0.05);15~24日龄,与正常玉米(对照组)相比,45%以上储存4年玉米(D组和E组)显著降低肉鸡24日龄体重、平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.05),显著提高料重比(F/G)(P<0.05);25~35日龄,与正常玉米相比,45%以上储存4年玉米显著降低肉鸡35日龄体重(P<0.05),但对ADG、ADFI和F/G均无显著影响(P>0.05);1~35日龄,与正常玉米相比,45%以上储存4年玉米显著降低肉鸡ADG和ADFI(P<0.05),有提高F/G趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,除D组腿肌率显著提高(P<0.05)外,其他组屠宰性能指标和免疫器官指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,E组肉鸡胸肌丙二醛(MDA)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与正常玉米相比,30%以上储存4年玉米显著提高肉鸡胸肌硫巴比妥酸(TBA)值(P<0.05),60%储存4年玉米显著降低pH(P<0.05),且E组胸肌剪切力显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,C组和D组肉鸡肠道菌群ACE指数显著降低(P<0.05)。在门水平上,不同水平储存4年玉米与肉鸡肠道厚壁菌门相对丰度有一定的负相关性(R 2=0.8398),与肠道变形菌门相对丰度关系有一定的正相关性(R 2=0.8905);在属水平上,不同水平储存4年玉米与肉鸡肠道乳杆菌属相对丰度存在较强的负相关性(R 2=0.9375)。综上所述,本试验条件下,肉鸡饲粮中使用30%以上高脂肪酸值储存4年玉米会导致其生长性能、抗氧化能力和肉品质下降,并致使肠道菌群紊乱。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding diets with different levels of corn stored for 4 years instead of normal corn on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens.A total of 500 healthy Ross 308 commercial male broiler chickens of one-day-old with similar body weight were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate.Broilers in the control group(group A)were fed a normal corn-soybean meal type diet,and those in groups B,C,D and E were fed diets containing 15%,30%,45%and 60%corn stored for 4 years,respectively.The experiment lasted for 35 days.The results showed as follows:1)from 1 to 14 days of age,there were no significant differences in growth performance indices of broiler chickens among all groups(P>0.05);from 15 to 24 days of age,compared with the normal corn(control group),45%or more corn stored for 4 years(groups D and E)significantly decreased the body weight at 24 days of age,average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)of broiler chickens(P<0.05),and significantly increased the ratio of feed to gain(F/G)(P<0.05);from 25 to 35 days of age,compared with the normal corn,45%or more corn stored for 4 years significantly decreased the body weight at 35 days of age(P<0.05),but had no significant effects on ADG,ADFI and F/G of broiler chickens(P>0.05);from 1 to 35 days of age,compared with the normal corn,45%or more corn stored for 4 years significantly decreased ADG and ADFI of broiler chickens(P<0.05),and tended to increase F/G,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).2)Compared with the control group,except that the thigh muscle rate in group D was significantly increased(P<0.05),there were no significant differences in slaughter performance indices and immune organ indices in the other groups(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the malondialdehyde(MDA)content in breast muscle of broiler chickens in group E was significantly increased(P<0.05).4)Compared with the normal corn,30%or more corn stored for 4 years significantly increased the thiobarbiturate(TBA)value in breast muscle of broiler chickens(P<0.05),60%corn stored for 4 years significantly decreased the pH in breast muscle(P<0.05),and the shear force of breast muscle in group E was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05).5)Compared with the control group,the ACE index of intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens s in groups C and D was significantly decreased(P<0.05).At the phylum level,different levels of corn stored for 4 years had a negative correlation with the intestinal Firmicutes relative abundance of broiler chickens(R 2=0.8398),and had a positive correlation with the intestinal Proteobacteria relative abundance of broiler chickens(R 2=0.8905);at the genus level,there was a strong negative correlation between different levels of corn stored for 4 years and the intestinal Lactobacillus relative abundance of broiler chickens(R 2=0.9375).In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment,broiler chickens fed diets containing more than 30%corn stored for 4 years with high fatty acid values can decrease the growth performance,antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broiler chickens,and disorder the intestinal microbiota.