儿童静脉血栓栓塞症的现状及诊疗进展

Current status and progress in the diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in children

随着临床诊治过程中各类输液导管使用频率的升高,儿童静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的发生率呈逐步上升趋势,同时随着医学影像诊断设备及技术的不断提高,儿童VTE的诊出率得到很大提升。儿童VTE可导致肺栓塞(PE)、脑血管事件、血栓后综合征(PTS)等急性和慢性并发症,因此,明确儿童VTE发生的危险因素,及时诊断并制定合理的治疗方案,对于改善患者预后、减少并发症的发生具有积极意义。本文对儿童VTE发生的危险因素、临床症状及诊断治疗进行综述,并针对当前儿童VTE治疗过程中存在的问题提出展望。

The incidence rate of venous thromboembolism(VTE)in children is gradually increasing with the increase of various infusion catheters in clinical diagnosis and treatment,and the diagnostic rate of pediatric VTE increases with the progress of medical imaging diagnostic equipment and technology.VTE in children can lead to acute and chronic complications such as pulmonary embolism(PE),cerebrovascular events and post thrombotic syndrome(PTS).Therefore,it is of positive significance to identify the risk factors of venous thromboembolism in children,make timely diagnosis and formulate reasonable treatment plans for improving the prognosis of patients and reducing the occurrence of complications.This article reviews the risk factors,clinical symptoms,diagnosis and treatment of VTE in children and proposes outlook regarding the problems in diagnosis and treatment of VTE in children.