原发性脑肿瘤的临床前疾病模型研究进展

Research progress in the preclinical disease model for primary brain cancer

原发性脑肿瘤是起源于中枢神经系统细胞的一组异质性肿瘤。常见的恶性原发性脑肿瘤患者的治愈率和存活期均较低,其治疗手段和治疗效果也相当有限。因此,需要构建合适的肿瘤模型来研究疾病的分子生物学基础、新型抗肿瘤药物和/或治疗方法的临床前药效学和安全性评价。本文总结了原发性脑肿瘤体内和体外模型的研究进展。体外模型主要包括脑肿瘤细胞株培养、类器官培养以及脑切片模型;体内模型主要包括啮齿类动物模型以及其他模式生物,如果蝇、斑马鱼。目前已经开发了许多各具优缺点的原发性脑肿瘤疾病模型,但这些模型尚不能完全模拟人体内脑肿瘤的复杂情况。因此,研究者们也在现有基础上不断开发更加复杂的疾病模型用于研究原发性脑肿瘤的治疗、药物筛选和评价。

Primary brain cancer is a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from cells within the central nervous system.The cure rate and survival period of patients with common malignant primary brain cancers are low,and their treatment methods and therapeutic effects are also quite limited.Therefore,it is necessary to construct appropriate tumor models to study the molecular biology of the disease,preclinical pharmacodynamic and safety evaluation of new anti-tumor drugs and/or the therapeutic methods.This review summarizes the research progress of in vitro and in vivo models of primary brain cancer.In vitro models mainly include the culture of brain cancer cell line,organoids and the brain slices.In vivo models mainly include the rodent models and other model organisms such as the fruit fly and zebrafish.At present,lots of primary brain cancer disease models with their own advantages and disadvantages have been developed,but these models cannot fully simulate the complexities of brain tumors in humans.Therefore,researchers are developing more complex disease models based on the existing models to study the primary brain tumor treatment methods,screen and evaluate therapeutic drugs.