市场可达性、中间品替代与企业出口国内附加值率

Market Accessibility,Intermediate Product Substitution,and Domestic Value-added Rate in Firms'Export

在建设高效充分的全国统一大市场背景下,本文利用中国工业企业数据库和中国海关数据库,基于要素自由流动与优化配置的视角,探讨了交通基础设施建设提高市场可达性对企业出口国内附加值率的影响与作用机制。研究结果表明:市场可达性的提升加剧了国内中间品市场的竞争激烈程度,降低了国内中间品的相对价格,由此产生的中间品替代效应促进了企业出口国内附加值率的提升;市场可达性对企业出口国内附加值率的边际作用效果,随着企业上游度、中间品单位价值重量、市场势力等的不同而存在显著差异;动态分解显示,市场可达性的提升有利于促进企业贸易方式的转变,吸引一般贸易企业的进入,进而驱动城市层面出口国内附加值率的攀升。本文的研究表明通过建设全国统一大市场推动企业中间品投入的“国产化”替代,可以有效降低对国际要素市场的依赖,增强企业的国际竞争优势。

In the background of constructing a unified national large market,and based on the perspective of free flow of elements and optimal configuration,this paper investigates the impact and mechanism of market accessibility on domestic value-added rate in firms'exports.Using data from Chinese industrial enterprises and customs,we find that enhancing market accessibility intensifies competition in the domestic intermediate products market,and leads to a reduction in relative prices of domestic intermediate products,which brings about substitution effect to promote the domestic value-added rate in firm's export.Furthermore,we find that the marginal effect of market accessibility on domestic value-added rate varies significantly with enterprises'upstream degree,unit value weight of intermediate products,and market forces.Dynamic decomposition analysis shows that improving market accessibility can facilitate the transformation of trade modes for enterprises,attract the entry of general trading enterprises,and drive the increase of the domestic value-added rate in cities'exports.Overall,our study shows that promoting the domestic substitution of intermediate products through constructing a unified national large market can effectively reduce dependence on international factor markets and enhance the international competitiveness of enterprises.