学术与政治:双重视野下的章太炎孟子观

Academia and Politics:Zhang Taiyan’s View on Mencius’Philosophy from A Dual Perspective

在西学东渐背景下的近代中国,如何重整传统文化资源来抵御西学的入侵,是有识之士面临的共同问题。尊荀抑孟是章太炎研究先秦子学,彰显自己经世用心时的整体立场。受制于中国近代积贫积弱的社会现实,章太炎认为孟子以道德介入政治的路径过于理想化,无法切中现实之弊,不如荀子的政治治理思想务实、理性而有效验。因此,相比于其他诸子,对孟子的研究是章太炎学术思想中极为薄弱的部分。尽管如此,章太炎还是通过以佛解孟的方式对孟子人性论进行诠释,以外道的“神我”来诠释孟子的“万物皆备于我”这一命题,鲜明地体现了他在近代学者中比较独特的研究方式与学术特点。作为具有双重身份的近代知识分子的代表人物,章太炎的思想观点亦有学术和政治两方面的用心,并经常因为二者之间的张力而使得其前后言说具有一定的矛盾性。

In modern China,against the background of the trend of Western learning,how to reorganize traditional cultural resources to resist the invasion of Western learning was a common problem faced by intellectuals.To prioritize Xunzi and downplay Mencius is Zhang Taiyan’s overall stance in studying pre-Qin Zi Xue,which highlights his practical concerns for the world.Constrained by the social reality of poverty and weakness in modern China,Zhang Taiyan believes that Mencius’approach of using morality to intervene in real politics is too idealistic to effectively address the problems of real politics,while Xunzi’s political governance ideas are realistic,rational,and effective.So compared to other scholars,Zhang Taiyan’s research on Mencius’philosophy is comparatively weak.Nevertheless,Zhang Taiyan interprets Mencius’theory of human nature through Buddhism and explains the Mencius’proposition“All Are for Myself”through the Buddhist heretical concept of“Shen Wo”,which vividly demonstrates his unique research approaches and academic characteristics among modern scholars.As a representative figure of modern intellectuals with dual identities,Zhang Taiyan’s perspectives on academic and political issues are always intertwined,resulting in a certain degree of contradictions between his words.