20世纪上半期的地权变更与阶层流动——以浙江新登为例

Land Ownership Change and Class Mobility in the First Half of the 20th Century:A Case Study of Xindeng County,Zhejiang Province

20世纪上半期,地权变更造成土地所有权在业户之间的频繁转移。受分家析产及土地继承关系的制约,地权配置结构呈现出一定的延续性,而比重较高的公堂土地因其配置不均,也对地权结构产生了直接影响。土地产权既没有向富农阶层单向集中,导致更为严重的贫富分化,也未明显转向中农阶层,引发整个社会阶层结构的“中农化”。相反,土地产权整体上向贫农阶层倾斜,但由于贫农户数及比重增加,浙江新登社会阶层结构出现“贫农化”趋势。同时,由于户均土地面积下降,贫农阶层趋于“穷困化”。

In the first half of the 20th century,the changes in land ownership resulted in frequent transfers of land ownership among households.Constrained by the relationship between large family division and land inheritance,the structure of land ownership allocation demonstrated a certain degree of continuity.The communal land,accounting for a higher proportion,also directly affected the land tenure structure due to its uneven distribution.Land ownership neither concentrated in one direction to the affluent peasant class,leading to significant wealth disparity,nor did it significantly shift towards the middle peasant class,triggering the“middle-peasantization”of the entire social structure.On the contrary,land ownership generally tilted in favor of the poor peasant class,but due to the increase in the number and proportion of poor peasant households,the social structure of the county showed a trend of“poor-peasantization.”At the same time,the poor peasant class also tended to be“impoverished”because of the fall in the average land area per household.